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In 2005 one hundred years passed since the discovery of carnitine but this compound remains the subject of great interest. Carnitine (beta-hydroxy-gamma-trimethyloamino butyrate), an amino acid derived from the metabolism of lysine and methionine, is present in all mammalian cells, with its highest concentration noted in cardiac and skeletal muscles as well as in the liver. In the course of the century it has been demonstrated that carnitine and its derivatives participate in many physiological processes, their basic function is the transporting and oxidation of FFA in mitochondria. In piglet’s fetal development the main source of energy is a glucose and after parturition milk fatty acids. The energy requirement in new born piglets is especially high during low temperatures. Piglets do not have brown fatty tissue and therefore possess a limited capability of fatty acid beta-oxidation which initiates shivering thermogenesis. Carnitine present in sow milk in large quantities might be an important factor accelerating the development of piglets, especially during the first days of their life; therefore administering carnitine for sows during lactation is recommended. In turn, carnitine supplementation for piglets after parturition may improve body gain and their whole performance. Little attention is paid to date to the effect of carnitine on the nutritional value of meat, especially where it concerns fat and carnitine content in meat (functional food).
Crude tannins were extracted from pea seed coat using water, 70% aqueous methanol and 70% aqueous acetone. The dried acetone extract contained the highest amounts of polyphenols (640 mg/g) compared with water extract and methanol extract. Acetone extract exhibited also strong antioxidant activity in a chemical system while using the phosphatidylcholine (PC) liposome as an experimental model. Subsequently the effects of dietary acetone extract on the lipid indices and lipid peroxidation products in growing rats fed free-cholesterol standard diet (S) or diets enriched with 1% cholesterol (C) were determined. All animals were divided into 3 groups (10 rats each) and were fed for 4 weeks with experimental diets: group (Gr) 1 -standard diet (S), Gr 2-with 1% C (S + 1%C), and Gr 3 - S + 1% C+0.5% acetone extract (E). Dietary E significantly decreased plasma total cholesterol (TC) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) but did not change the high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in rats fed diets enriched with cholesterol. Plasma TC were 112.9,144.6,113.5 mg/100mL, whereas LDL-C 32.9, 74.0, 47.6 mg/100 mL in groups 1-3, respectively. Acetone extract (0.5%) with C (S + 1% C+0.5% E) caused significant TC accumulation in the liver and elevated malondialdehyde concentrations in plasma. This study demonstrates that acetone extract from seed coat of pea possesses strong hypocholesterolemic action. Its antioxidative properties in biological system, especially in animals loaded with dietary cholesterol, are less clear and need further studies.
Przeprowadzono ocenę właściwości przeciwutleniających pieczarek hodowlanych Agaricus bisporus zakupionych w pięciu miejscach Warszawy i okolic. Stwierdzono, że pieczarki hodowlane posiadają dobre właściwości przeciwutleniające. Wydajność ekstrakcji związków polifenolowych była zróżnicowana, prawdopodobnie wynika to z warunków hodowli i przechowywania grzybów przez poszczególnych producentów Pieczarki zakupione w Centrum wykazywały największą zawartość polifenoli, oraz najlepsze właściwości przeciwutleniające.
3-hydroxy-3-methylbutyric acid (HMB) in immunological reactions generated by nutritional allergy in guinea pigs The systemic immune responses were examined in pa- renterally milk-sensitized guinea pigs. This type of sensitization simulating alimentary allergy led to positive passive cutaneous anaphylactic (PCA) responses and high IgG titers against beta lactoglobulin (beta-LG). A further increase in IgG titers induced by a dietary supplement of HMB was observed. These results indicate that HMB increases immune responses of parenterally milk-sensitized guinea pigs as expressed by IgG beta-LG antibodies and PCA titers. What concerns the alimentary, this effects is not of an advantage and suggests that HMB - treated animals can be more allergic to food consumption.
The aim of the experiment was to evaluate antibacterial and antioxidative properties of commercial water extracts prepared from horseradish, mustard, garlic and thyme. Microbial analysis concerned the estimation and comparison of antibacterial activity in the investigated extracts in relation to the Staphylococcus aureus strain, including the effect of various concentrations of each extract, temperature and incubation times. In order to estimate antioxidative properties of the investigated extracts, the power reducing iron was determined, as well as scavenging effect of DPPH radical and total antioxidative power by the FRAP method. Our data indicate that the investigated extracts possess different antibacterial and antioxidative properties. A higher biological activity in relation to the test strain Staphylococcus aureus was observed in extracts from horseradish and garlic, whereas the least effective was the mustard extract, which in turn had the most powerful antioxidative properties.
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