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Among seed-transmitted cereal viruses the most important is Barley stripe mosaic virus (BSMV), infecting barley. Investigations on the occurrence of BSMV in Poland have been carried out in the Institute of Plant Protection in Poznań since 2000. The studies aimed at the evaluation of the BSMV distribution in plant material, the rate of its seed transmission in different barley cultivars and the assessment of the effect of barley infection on the yield. The potential risk of BSMV occurrence for barley crops was discussed. The rate of infection by two seed-transmitted viruses, Maize dwarf mosaic virus (MDMV) and Sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV), in Poland was investigated in view of the risk assessment.
Four soil-borne cereal viruses have been identified in Poland, so far: Soil-borne cereal mosaic virus (SBCMV), Wheat spindle streak mosaic virus (WSSMV), Barley yellow mosaic virus (BaYMV) and Barley mild mosaic virus (BaMMV). SBCMV was identified in 1993 as a dangerous pathogen of winter cereals and became the object of special interest. Studies on the virus included its biological and molecular characterization, and investigations of the response of winter wheat and winter triticale cultivars on the SBCMV infection. Results of preliminary experiments aiming at the evaluation of the response of winter barley cultivars on barley yellow mosaic viruses were also presented.
This paper describes the occurrence of Wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV) in maize crops in Poland. Field observations were conducted in six voivodships: wielkopolskie, dolnośląskie, małopolskie, podkarpackie, lubelskie and podlaskie. The virus presence was confirmed in all studied regions but the most infected maize plants were recorded in the Wielkopolska region. The results of field observations showed that Aceria tosichella Keifer – the vector of WSMV, commonly appeared on maize and wild grasses accompanying maize crops in Wielkopolska. The results of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for detection of WSMV infection in plant samples collected in this region in 2006–2011 indicated the highest prevalence of infected plants in 2008.
The occurrence of Barley yellow dwarf virus-MAV (BYDV-MAV), Barley yellow dwarf virus- PAV (BYDV-PAV) and Cereal yellow dwarf virus-RPV (CYDV-RPV) in maize plants was investigated using ELISA test. The viruses were detected in plants originated from Wielkopolska, Podlasie, Lubelszczyzna and Podkarpacie regions. BYDV-PAV was demonstrated as the main causal agent of barley yellow dwarf symptoms in maize in Poland.
Wheat dwarf virus (WDV) has been one of the most common viruses on cereal crops in Poland in the last years. This single stranded DNA virus is transmitted by the leafhopper spec, Psammotettix alienus (Dahlb.) in a persistent manner. It induces yellowing and streaking of leaves, dwarfing or even death of infected plants. The presence of barley- and wheat-specific forms of WDV (WDV-B and WDV-W) and their vector were previously reported in the country, however the literature data did not include any information on the infectivity of the vector in Poland. A duplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) procedure was developed and optimized for simultaneous detection and differentiation of both forms in the vector. Two sets of primers amplify 734 bp and 483 bp specific fragments for WDV-W and WDV-B, respectively. The results were verified by a sequencing method. The studies were carried out on insect samples collected in autumn from four different locations in Greater Poland. The results confirmed the presence of WDV-W in the tested samples. They also suggested the concomitant of both forms of the virus in the vector. Additional studies to determine virus-vector relationships should be undertaken.
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