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The study explored the hypothesis that mares, which are more sensitive than stallions, react to stress with higher increase in heart rate (HR).A group was studied of 101 clinically healthy Standardbred trotters aged 11-18 months, during their daily training routine. The horses were divided into two groups according to sex (51 colts and 50 fillies). All the horses took part in a standard training session consisting of harnessing to the sulky, moving from the stable and a 45 minutes exercise on a sand track. Before the start of training session a belt with a transmitter for telemetric HR registration was placed on each horse. The measured HR did not show any differences in HR between colts and fillies either at rest, during handling and harnessing as well as during exercise and after it.
Traditional methods of horses training are now complemented by sympathetic methods that have been hailed as “horse whispering”. Also called Naturalhorsemanship, in recent years the popularity of sympathetic training methods has grown rapidly. This has happened not only because of some of famous riders like Monty Roberts or Pat Parelli, but also due to research conducted on an ever increasing scale. Naturalhorsemanship is not only a style of riding, as is often seen, but mainly a philosophical approach to the horse. Sympathetic training methods often refer to the ethology, natural behavior, body language of horses and the specific manner of their learning. The advantage of the use of such methods is, among other things, alleviating stress inevitably associated for young horses with their training. Research conducted in a group of hot-blooded horses confirmed that the training methods based on the knowledge and use of natural behavior and body language of horses reduce stress and decrease emotional response during the initial and subsequent training sessions. Existing uncertainties of the impact of this type of training should be shortly explained by broadly conducted research on the psychology of horse training.
The aim of this study was to measure emotional arousal in young race horses as expressed by heart rate (HR) during routine situations of grooming, hoof cleaning, and while at rest, having been transported from the environment of home stud farm to that of an unfamiliar training centre. A hypothesis was developed that the change of environment is a source of heavy stress for young race horses. The investigation involved 22 Purebred Arabian stallions and 19 Purebred Arabian mares, 2.5 years old, and 11 Thoroughbred stallions and 10 Thoroughbred mares, at the age of 1.5 years. The horses were examined twice: first in their home stud farms, and then three days after being moved to an unfamiliar training centre. The HR was measured at rest and while the horses were being groomed in their boxes. The HR registered during the grooming session at the new stable increased significantly in all studied groups of horses compared to the data obtained at their home stud farm. This increase was significantly higher in the groups of 1.5-year–old Thoroughbred stallions and mares than in the groups of 2.5-year-old Purebred Arabian horses. Young race horses should not be groomed just before training because the grooming routine involves their emotional arousal.
There is not much research done on the influence of sympathetic training on the emotional reaction of horses. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the emotional response and the stress level in horses to two sympathetic training methods: (1) with the use of the “round pen technique” (RP),and (2) in which the RP was not applied (SH). Twenty two naive half-bred Anglo-Arab horses (2.5 years ±3 months of age) were subject to an initial training. Eleven horses were randomly included to the RP method and the other 11 horses for the SH method. Heart rate (HR) and saliva cortisol concentration were measured as indicators of horse emotional arousal and stress level, respectively.The HR values were analysed: at rest, during the habituation period, just after the first saddling and tightening of the girth, during the first time a human leaned over the horse’s back, and during the mounting of the horse. Saliva samples were taken before and 15 min after each training session studied. After saddling, the HR occurred significantly higher when the RP technique was used. The significant increase in saliva cortisol concentration was observed only after the first mounting of naive the horse. Generally, the use of the RP technique did not involve more important physiological reactions in the trained horses than did the SH method.
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