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Background: Lyme disease is a multi-organ disease caused by spirochetes, Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, transmitted by Ixodes, with its clinical picture including involvement of the skin, joints, nervous system and heart. Laboratory diagnostic tests for Lyme disease are mainly based on the detection of anti-Borrelia burgdorferi antibodies by means of serological methods. Aim of the work: assessment of the level of antibodies against specific B. burgdorferi s.l. antigens in persons with suspected Lyme disease. Material and methods: the tested group consisted of 98 patients with suspected Lyme disease. During the first phase of the tests, anti-Borrelia burgdorferi IgM/IgG antibodies were marked using ELISA method, and positive and uncertain results were confirmed by Westernblot test (Wb). Results: anti-B. burgdorferi IgM/IgG antibodies were present in 60 patients (61.2%). IgM and IgG antibodies were detected as positive in 8 (8.1%) and 35 (35.7%) patients respectively. IgM and IgG were co-present in 6 persons (6.1%), including 2 persons (2%) with positive results in both classes. All patients with positive IgM (12 persons) had anti-OspC antibodies, and 2 patients had, in addition, anti-p31 antibodies. In patients with positive IgG the results were as follows: antibodies against antigen p17 - 77% of cases, VlsE - 74%, p30 - 46%, p39 - 44%, p83 - 38%, p19 - 31%, OspC/p25- 28%, p31 - 23%, p21 - 8%. Conclusions: laboratory diagnostic tests for Lyme disease must be performed in accordance with the current standards, positive and uncertain results must be confirmed by Westernblot test. Results of lab tests must correlate with patient’s symptoms.
The aim of this study was to analyze the seroprevalence of rubella and cytomegalia among young women. The study included 175 healthy women from the Biała Podlaska District, aged 16 to 35 years. Anti-rubella and anti-CMV IgG were determined by ELISA. 172 (98.3%) study subjects tested positive for rubella antibodies, 1 (0.6%) was seroindeterminate and 2 (1.1%) were seronegative. CMV antibodies were detected in 119 (68.0%) participants; the series included also 1 (0.6%) seroindeterminate and 55 (31.4%) seronegative women. The levels of rubella and CMV antibodies were not significantly affected by age, place of residence and educational level of the study subjects.
Background. Laboratory diagnosis of Lyme borreliosis is based on the detection of anti-B. burgdorferi antibodies. Mononucleosis infection can lead to false positive results in serological diagnosis of Lyme borreliosis. Materials and methods. The experimental group comprised 60 patients diagnosed with Lyme borreliosis and 106 individuals professionally exposed to tick bites, with a positive result of ELISA anti-B. burgdorferi IgM test. The control group consisted of 150 healthy individuals. Immunoassay of antibodies to the Epstein-Barr viral capside antigen (EB-VCA) in the IgM class was carried out by the means of Western blot assay. Results. In two patients diagnosed with borreliosis the presence of IgM antibodies to EB-VCA was confirmed. In the group of individuals professionally exposed to tick bites and in the control group no anti-EB-VCA IgM antibodies were found. Conclusions. Anti-EBV IgM antibodies can lead to obtaining false positive results in Lyme borreliosis diagnostics. In the cases when clinical symptoms are not characteristic for Lyme borreliosis, and are accompanied by a positive result of anti-B. burgdorferi antibodies assay only in the IgM class, one has to take into consideration the occurrence of cross-reaction in the Western blot test and carry out differential diagnosis with infectious mononucleosis.
Background. Lyme borreliosis is the most frequent tick-borne disease in Europe and North America, and the number of registered cases is on the increase. Frequent presence in the habitats of ticks enhances the risk of tick bites and possible infection with Borrelia burgdorferi spirochetes. Objective. The aim of the study was to assess the risk of B. burgdorferi infection posed to hunters and other individuals exposed to activity-related contact with ticks. Material and methods. The study was carried out in the northern part of the Lublin Province (eastern Poland) and involved 150 individuals exposed to tick bites (110 hunters and 40 individuals exposed to activity-related contact with ticks). The analysis of sera for the presence of B. burgdorferi IgM and IgG antibodies was carried out. All 150 individuals were tested with the ELISA assay, and positive and borderline results of the assay were verified with the Western blot test. All study participants completed a questionnaire, which provided information about exposure to ticks, application of prophylactic measures, and awareness of Lyme borreliosis. Results. The ELISA assay revealed a positive or borderline result in at least one of the classes of B. burgdorferi antibodies in 63.3% (95/150) of the individuals (IgM 14.0%, IgG 63.3%). Verification carried out with the Western blot test showed a positive or borderline result in at least one of the antibody classes in 38.0% (57/150) of the examined persons (IgM 2.7%, IgG 36.7%). Abdomen (56.0%) and legs (53.7%) were the most frequently bitten body regions. Tick bites on the abdomen were significantly more frequently declared by hunters. Inspection of the body after returning from natural areas was more popular prophylactic method than use of repellents. Inspection of the body was significantly more often used in the group of the hunters. Conclusions. The risk of B. burgdorferi infection among hunters and other individuals undertaking activities associated with exposure to tick bites in the study area is high.
Background: Infections in pregnant women or women planning pregnancy caused by the protozoan Toxoplasma gondii and the viruses varicella zoster virus (VZV) and human parvovirus B19 can be a danger to the fetus. Aim of the study: The aim of the study was to determine the serological status of women of childbearing age in relation to T. gondii, VZV and human parvovirus B19 in a region of Eastern Poland (Biała Podlaska District). Material and methods: The study group consisted of 174 women aged 19 to 35 (average 23, SD 3.68) from the Biała Podlaska District. Anti-T. gondii IgM/IgG antibodies, anti-VZV IgG and anti-human parvovirus B19 IgG were detected by ELISA. Results: Serological screening revealed that the most common antibodies were anti-VZV and anti-parvovirus B19 (in 96% and 60.9% of women, respectively). Anti-T. gondii antibodies were found in 28.6%. No correlation was found between the presence of anti-T. gondii, human parvovirus B19, and VZV antibodies and the age of the examined women, their place of residence, and their education. Conclusions: About 4%, 39% and 71.2% of women participating in this study were still susceptible to infection with VZV, human parvovirus B19, and T. gondii, respectively. It is therefore important to address health education primarily in women of childbearing age in order to help them undertake relevant measures for prevention of T. gondii, human parvovirus B19 and VZV infection.
The aim of our this work was analysis of specific immune response for B. burgdorferi according to in vivo antigens in regard to symptoms subjectively perceived by foresters, in 2009 and 2012. Material and methods: study group include 41 foresters (19 - 86 years old), from the forest district in Lubelskie region. All persons underwent serological diagnostic. We used  2 phase diagnosis  method of Lyme diseases according to standards. Used tests include Borrelia antigens from in vivo group, which are not use in standard diagnosis test. The study was carried out in 2009 and then again in 2012. Results: The analysis of antibodies for Borrelia proteins, including the in vivo, demonstrated how active, long-term and time-variable is the process of B. burgdorferi infection. Conclusions: The expression of Borrelia proteins and high immunogenicity translates into effectiveness of diagnostic procedures concerning B. burgdorferi identification. Considering to not clear clinical manifestation and changeable immune response require individual approach to each patient.
The aim of the study was the analysis of the occurrence of specific antibodies against HEV among hunters and foresters who are at risk to be exposed. The study group consisted of 210 hunters (23–80 years old) and 60 foresters (22–64 years old). Anti-HEV IgG were present in 3.81% of the samples of the hunters and in 5% of the samples of the foresters. The statistical analysis shows no significant differences inthe results anti-HEV IgG between the groups of hunters and foresters (p = 0.5278). Significantly higher anti-HEV IgG titers were foundin the older age group (> 55 years old).
Cel pracy: celem pracy było oznaczenie przeciwciał IgM/IgG skierowanych przeciwko białkom antygenowym Borrelia u leśników i rolników oraz osób nie narażonych zawodowo na pokłucie przez kleszcze w północno wschodnim rejonie województwa lubelskiego. Materiał i metody: grupę badaną stanowiły osoby szczególnie narażone na pokłucie przez kleszcze jak leśnicy, rolnicy (275 osób), oraz grupa kontrolna - 45 osób mieszkających w okolicach Białej Podlaskiej. Oznaczono IgM/IgG anty-Borrelia (Elisa, Wb) oraz wykonano badania ankietowe. Wyniki: obecność IgM/IgG anty-Borrelia wykazano u 44,73% badanych, zaś brak przeciwciał stwierdzono u 28,10% leśników i 27,01% rolników. U 95,5% osób grupy kontrolnej nie stwierdzono obecności IgM/IgG anty-Borrelia, co świadczy o braku zakażenia mimo, że 41,86% z nich informuje o pokłuciu wielokrotnym, a 46,51% o pokłuciu jednokrotnym. Wnioski: pokłucia przez kleszcze dominują w miesiącach letnich, jednak możliwe są również wczesną wiosną i późną jesienią. Rumień wędrujący występuje częściej u osób wielokrotnie kłutych przez kleszcze niż u osób kłutych jednokrotnie.
Background. Coagulase negative staphylococci are at the forefront of etiologic agents of periprosthetic joint infections (PJIs). The purpose of the study was to characterise causative isolates (n=19) of Staphylococcus epidermidis (SE) – with emphasis on their phenotypic and genotypic heterogeneity. Material and methods. The isolates were cultured from multiple samples obtained perioperatively during revision surgery from 14 patients with clinically and/or microbiologically proven PJI. Phenotypic heterogeneity included variations of colony morphologies, drug resistance patterns and/or the capability of the biofilm formation and was verified by the DNA fingerprinting assay. Results. Phenotypic discrepancies were observed between isolates cultured from 5 patients (35.7%). The genotyping assay identified 3 pairs of isolates as unrelated; single pairs were genetically related and indistinguishable. The biofilm production was detected in 17 isolates, among which 5 (29.4%) were proficient biofilm formers harbouring the icaADBC genes. Additionally, one ica-positive isolate produced a moderate, protease-sensitive biofilm. The remaining isolates were moderate biofilm producers among which four developed protease-sensitive biofilms. Conclusions. The majority of PJIs are monoclonal; nevertheless, phenotypic diversity of SE is a frequent phenomenon which can complicate the diagnostic proceeding. Adherence ability is an important pathogenic trait of SE although the chemical composition of the resultant biofilm, its intensity and regulation of development can vary.
Background. The study aimed to analyse the prevalence of antibodies to specific Borrelia burgdorferi antigens in hunters from the area of Lublin Province (Poland) and forestry workers from the vicinity of Ternopil (Ukraine). Material and methods. The study group included 240 hunters, members of the hunting clubs in Lublin Province (Poland), aged 23-80 and 339 forestry workers employed in the 5 forest districts subordinated to the Ternopil Regional Administration of Forestry and Hunting, aged 18-76. All persons were given anti-B. burgdorferi IgM/IgG antibodies (ELISA test and Western blot). Results. Positive anti-B. burgdorferi IgM/IgG results were found in 21.7% of the hunters and 31.9% of the forestry workers. The occurrence of positive results in anti-B. burgdorferi antibodies depends significantly (p<0.02) on the area of the tested persons from Ukraine and was higher in the Berezhany district − 48.2% and the Buchach district − 47.5%. Conclusions. Because of the high exposure to tick bites and the possibility of B. burgdorferi infection, it is justified and desirable to strive to implement a full two-step diagnostic approach to Lyme disease in forestry workers in Ukraine. Further, it is particularly vital to undertake extensive educational and diagnostic activities, especially in the Berezhany and Buchach districts. Finally, it would be beneficial to implement systemic solutions in this regard also in hunters due to the ever-increasing number of this professional group each year.
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