Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris(AAT) is an acidothermophilic spore forming bacterium thatcauses the contamination of pasteurized fruit and vegetable juices. Since it survives typical heattreatment, the use of more effective techniques, such as supercritical carbon dioxide (SCCD), areconsidered for preserving juices.Dipicolinic acid (DPA) is a universal component of bacterial spores and its release can serve as anindicator of spore germination.The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between the release of DPA and thegermination of AAT spores, initiated by SCCD. ąSamples of the spores of two AAT strains suspendedin apple juice and pH 4.0 and pH 7.0 McIlvain buffers were treated with pressure of 10–60 MPa,at a temperature of 35–75℃ for 30 min. The results showed that some of the process parameters,mainly the temperature and pH, strongly affected spore germination. The amount of released DPA correlated strongly (R= 0.928) to the number of germinated AAT spores
During a 3-year surveillance study for avian influenza virus (AIV) infections at the Jeziorsko reservoir in central Poland, 549 oropharyngeal or cloacal swabs from 366 birds of 14 species belonging to 3 orders (Anseriformes, Charadriiformes and Gruiformes) were tested. AIV was detected in 14 birds (3.8%): Common Teals (12x), Mallard (1x) and Garganey (1x). Three potentially dangerous H5 AIV were detected in Common Teals (2x) and Garganey (1x) but all of them revealed a low pathogenic pathotype. A unique cleavage site amino acid motif PQREIR*GLF was found in one H5 isolate from a Garganey.