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Tumors of the heart constitute a slight percentage of all tumors in dogs. The most frequently occurring primary heart tumor is myxoma. Among cancerous tumors rabdomiosarcoma and chondromiosarcoma have been described relatively often. The most frequent localization is the base of the heart. In this article the authors describe a case of chemodectoma in a dog. This dog occasionally fainted and the cause of the loss of consciousness was paroxysmal vetricular tachycardia. A tumor at the base of the heart may have been the cause of the dog’s death, because it could have produced catecholamines. Catecholamines possibly induced ventricular tachycardia which was likely the cause of the sudden death of this dog.
Right side heart failure occurs in dogs less frequently than left side heart failure. It causes serious hemodynamic sequelae in the form of peripheral stasis with transudates to body cavities, as well as causing stasis edema of parenchymal organs and their defective functioning. The study material included 10 dogs subjected to euthanasia due to clinical signs of the end-stage of right side heart failure. The animals underwent morphological and biochemical blood tests as well as heart and abdominal USG. Autopsies were carried out and liver samples were collected for histopathological assessment. The preparations were stained by the following methods: hematoxyline-eosine (HE), Van Gieson and Mallory. All the examined dogs manifested typical symptoms of right side heart failure in the form of ascites, quick fatigue and the loss of appetite. Most dogs demonstrated blue mucous membranes and mixed dispnea. The blood tests indicated an increase in leucocytes, GOT, GPT, FA, GGT, total bilirubin and urea levels. In the histopathological examination of liver samples, passive hyperemia and Disse spaces were found in all the cases. Lipid liver parenchyma degeneration was found in 90% of the examined specimens. Fibrosis in portal spaces was detected in 40% of the animals. Summing up, it can be stated that in the histopathological picture of the livers the dominant lesions caused by right side heart failure were lipidosis and passive hyperemia of the organ. This was reflected in the laboratory results of the examined blood serum liver profile parameters indicating inconsiderable liver function disorders.
The aim of the experiment was to evaluate the influence of oral administration of L-thyroxine on the heart. The research material included 8 pigs of the polska bia³a zwis³oucha breed. The experimental hyperthyroidism was induced by oral administration of L-thyroxine at a dose 20 µg/kg b.w. in 4 pigs. The echocardiography examination was carried out 3 times in each pig: before hyperthyroidism outset and twice in hyperthyroxinemia. Through echocardiographic examination a statistically significant increase in LWd was stated. An increase in IVSd, decrease in LVd and a statistically significant increase in relative wall thickness and left ventricular mass in the group of pigs administered L-tyroxine was observed. A statistically significant decrease in SF connected with an increase in the left ventricle wall thickness occurred as well. The performed autopsy revealed an increased thickness of the right and left heart ventricles in swine with the experimental hyperthyroidism. It was stated that hyperthyroxinemia induces heart muscle hypertrophy which concerns mainly the ventricular muscles. Observed secondary hypertrophic cardiomyopathy may be the consequence of hyperthyroxinemia.
In canine pathology the most frequent torsions of the organs in abdominal cavity are gastric volvulus, spleen torsion, spermatic cord torsion, torsion of uterus and intestinal volvulus. There is a lack of any description of urinary bladder torsion in canine literature. The paper presents a case description of urinary bladder torsion in a 16-year-old German shepherd having chronic urinary bladder atony. The dog was admitted with symptoms of involuntary urination. Both clinical and additional examinations demonstrated leukocytosis, extrarenal uremia, and proteinuria. Because of the negative prognosis the dog was put to sleep and subjected to postmortem examinations. The anatomopathological examination showed axial torsion of the urinary bladder which hindered urine outflow.
The aim of the presented electrophysiological and histological study was the investigation of unexplained syncopal spells in a dog of Boxer breed. The dog underwent non-invasive procedures, which turned out to be insufficient for a complete diagnosis. Invasive procedures showed paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. In post-mortem examination, intensive extravascular fibrosis in the both atria, mostly in the endocardium, as well as a local loss of the cross-striation in cardiomyocytes, the presence of giant nuclei, and penetration of adipose tissue, especially in the left ventricle, were found. These changes might be the cause of arrhythmias. Paroxysmal atrial arrhythmias can be the mechanism of syncope in dogs. The electrophysiological properties of the myocardium predispose to both supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias in dogs. Invasive electrophysiological study is a valuable diagnostic tool in dogs with syncope.
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