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The aim of the study was to evaluate the growth and development of three weed species (Chenopodium album, Amaranthus retroflexus, Matricaria perforata) in the soils with different copper content. The level of copper concentration in six soil samples coming from the vicinity of Copper Foundry GŁOGÓW ranged from 43 to 223 mg/kg of dry weight of soil. Seedlings obtained from seeds collected in the vicinity of Głogów and Poznań were grown in pots filled with soils which came from Głogów region. The experiments in greenhouse conditions showed a small influence of copper accumulated in soils on the growth and development of tested weeds irrespective of seeds’ origin.
In the vicinity of copper foundry “Głogów” agricultural farms exist for 35 years. The aim of the work was to determine if biotypes of common lambsquarters (Chenopodium album L.) growing for many years in heavy metals polluted environment showed any differences in the efficacy of herbicides’ control. Seeds of C. album were collected near Głogów, from four cultivated fields with different content of heavy metals in soil (mainly copper). From these seeds experimental plants were grown in greenhouse conditions. In greenhouse experiments the efficacy of control of C. album by different pyridate (6-chloro-3-phenylpyridazin-4-yl S-octyl thiocarbonate) doses also in combinations with 0.2% CuSO4 was compared. Also the efficacy of pyridate in control of C. album seedlings which were grown in pots with soils collected from the vicinity of smelter was tested. Additionally, in growth chamber, the effect of increasing copper concentration on shoot and root growth was analyzed. Pyridate showed similar efficacy on tested populations of C. album without respect of soil contamination level, seeds’ origin and presence of copper ions in spray solution in which herbicide was used in full dose. Statistical differences were observed when herbicide was applied at ⅓ pyridate full dose, especially in the presence of Cu2+ ions in spray solution.
Agricultural areas in the vicinity of Copper Smelter GŁOGÓW (CSG) contain an increased level of copper and lead in the soils. The aim of the study was to determine whether the biotypes of Chenopodium album L. and Matricaria perforata Mérat infesting the areas affected by trace elements, and grown in the substratum with a diverse concentration of lead show a different reaction to selected herbicides used for their control. The efficiency of metamitron, linurone, MCPA and desmedipham + fenmedipham used at field doses reduced to 1/3 was tested against weed seedlings of Ch. album whereas the seedlings of M. perforata were controlled with isoproturon, rimsulfuron and amidosulfuron. The populations of Ch. album and M. perforata grown from the seeds of weeds infesting the region affected by dust emissions from CSG showed a similar reaction to the applied herbicides as the populations grown from weed seeds collected in the Wielkopolska region (area being outside the emission). The obtained results revealed statistically significant differences in the efficiency of selected herbicides applied at reduced doses only in the case of weeds grown on the substratum with a higher concentration of lead, recently not to be found in the soils affected by the emissions from CSG.
In laboratory condition phenolic compounds, such as scopoletin, the ferulic, p-coumaric and trans-cinnamic acid retarded growth of Phoma exigua var. foveata mycelium. Equal effect revealed inhibitors of polyamine biosynthesis, DFMA and DFMO. A role of tested substances in potato gangrene pathogenesis is discussed.
The aim of the study was to compare the influence of increased doses of lead added to the substratum on the growth and development of selected biotypes three weed species (Chenopodium album L., Amaranthus retroflexus and Matricaria perforate Mérat). Weed seeds destined for pot experiments, were collected from the agricultural region affected by dust emission of Copper Smelter GŁOGÓW (CSG) and from the fields outside the emission, located in the Wielkopolska region. The results of the experiments carried out in greenhouse conditions showed that the presence of lead in the substratum at the concentration ranging from 100 to 600 mg Pb2+/kg d.m. only slightly influenced the growth and development of tested weed species irrespective of seed origin, possibly due to weak availability and mobility of this element in plants.
Total concentration of copper was determined by means of AAS in soil and cereal samples collected from the region influenced by air and dust emission from Copper Smelter GŁOGÓW. Studies covered the agricultural area of 6 600 hectares (former protective zone + external belt). The studies revealed that copper, either accumulated in the soils or coming from the current emission, did not cause the phytotoxic effect on cultivated cereals. The obtained results revealed the effectiveness of eco-friendly activities taken by the Smelter for the safety’s sake of the neighboring agricultural environment.
Projekt badawczy „Ocena stanu środowiska na Obszarach Szczególnie Narażonych w województwie wielkopolskim" zrealizowano w ramach współpracy Instytutu Ochrony Roślin - Państwowego Instytutu Badawczego z Wojewódzkim Ośrodkiem Doradztwa Rol­niczego w Poznaniu. Projekt dofinansował Wielkopolski Fundusz Ochrony Środowiska Celem wykonywanych analiz w ramach projektu była ocena szeregu elementów śro­dowiska rolniczego stanowiących wskaźniki różnorodności przyrodniczej i stanu fitosa­nitarnego upraw. Analizy przeprowadzono na terenach obszarach szczególnie narażonych zanieczyszczeniem wód azotanami pochodzenia rolniczego (OSN) w gospodarstwach w Wielkopolsce o obszarze od 10 do ponad 30 ha. W każdym z gospodarstw obserwacją poddano jedną lub dwie uprawy. Wszystkie obserwowane aspekty bioróżnorodności wykazywały wysokie lub średnie wartości. Analizie poddano również występowanie patogenów i szkodników. Poziomy po­rażenia monitorowanych upraw przez organizmy szkodliwe nie stanowiły epidemicznego zagrożenia. Występowanie owadów pożytecznych i drapieżnych było duże, co równowa­żyło występowanie owadów szkodliwych. W przypadku bioróżnorodności roślin segetal- nych stwierdzono zróżnicowanie pod względem występowania poszczególnych gatunków i grup chwastów, zależne od rodzaju uprawy i rośliny uprawnej.
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