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Celem badań była ocena sposobu żywienia dzieci w wieku 13 lat, w okresie skoku pokwitaniowego, u których określono masę i wysokość ciała a z uzyskanych wartości wyliczono wskaźnik BMI, który odniesiono do rozkładów centylowych dzieci warszawskich. Z grupy 1464 dzieci wytypowano 79 osób (5,4% ogółu badanych) z BMI ≤ 5 precentyla z niedowagą i znaczną niedowagą. Od dzieci tych uzyskano jadłospisy pochodzące z 3-losowo wybranych dni tygodnia. Analiza sposobu żywienia badanych dzieci z niedowagą wykazała niską wartość energetyczną diety, niedobór błonnika, składników mineralnych (K, Ca, Mg) oraz płynów przy równocześnie występującym nadmiarze białka ogółem i zwierzęcego, tłuszczu, cholesterolu, składników mineralnych (Na, P, Fe, Cu, Zn), witamin A, C, E (u dziewcząt) oraz z grupy В. Wśród wszystkich dzieci przeprowadzono prozdrowotną edukację żywieniową w formie warsztatów „ na żywo”.
Introduction. Contemporary diet of men is characterised by a significant contribution of processed and purified products impoverished by technological processing in, e.g., B-group vitamins taking part in the synthesis of fatty acids. One of the means to prevent their insufficient intake is supplementation of food products with those components. Hence, an animal model study was undertaken in order to determine whether modification of diet composition in which whole-grain components (whole grains of wheat and maize) are isocalorically substituted with white flour and saccharose, and its complementary supplementation with B-group vitamins may trigger changes in the profile of fatty acids synthesized in liver of rats. Material and methods. The study was conducted on 30 male rats aged 5 months. Group I was receiving the basal feed mixture (Labofed B), which contained among other things whole grains of wheat and maize. Groups II-III, in free access, were administered modified feed mixture in which 83.5% of wheat present in the basal diet was substituted with wheat flour, and 50% of maize - with saccharose. Contents of vitamin B1, B2, B6 and PP and basie chemical composition in the feed mixture are determined by HPLC method and the fatty acid profile with the modified Folch method using gas chromatography. Groups I and II were receiving water to drink, whereas the animals from group III were administered 25 ml of an aqueous solution of vitamins in the following doses: B[ - 0.94 mg, B2 - 0.48 mg, B6 - 0.5 mg, PP -1.9 mg. In group III - to supplement differences in contents of those vitamins between feed mixtures resulting from the exchange of components, which to some extent simulated the mode of supplementation in humans. Concentration of glucose was determined in blood serum and the amount of fat was determined with Soxhlet method in the dissected animals liver and the fatty acid profile with the modified Folch method using gas chromatography. Results. While analysing the achieved results it was stated that the animals, despite comparable quantities of ingested feed, differed in their body weight gains reached in the course of the experiment. In contrast, both the liver mass and its fat content did not differ significantly between the analysed groups of animals. Further- more, livers of the animals fed the modified diet were characterised by a decreased sum of monoenoic fatty acids and an inereased sum of polyenoic fatty acids, compared to the animals receiving the basal diet. The fatty acid composition determined in livers of the animals fed the modified diet and supplemented with B1, B2, B6 and PP vitamins did not differ significantly from that assayed in livers of the rats fed the modified diet. Conclusions. Modification of diet composition, consisting of substituting whole grains of cereals with wheat flour and saccharose, and its complementary supplementation with B-group vitamins caused significantly higher body weight gains of the examined animals. Modification of diet composition had a significant effect on a decreased level of monoenoic and an inereased level of polyenoic fatty acids in rat livers. Supplementation with B-group vitamins did not correct the changes in the fatty acid profile in rat livers caused by diet modification.
Background. One of the reasons for the accumulation of fat tissue (including visceral fat tissue) in the body is an unbalanced diet in respect of the amount and the structure of carbohydrates and the value of the glycemic index (GI) and the glycemic load (GL). The research describing the dependence between the BMI (Body Mass Index), WC (Waist Circumference), WHtR (Waist-to-Height Ratio), and GI and GL indexes in adults exists but only a limited number of works discuss children during the pubertal spurt. Therefore the objective of this research is the evaluation of the State of nutrition of 13-year-old children with waist circumference > 90 percentile with various BMI, taking into consideration GL and GL of their meals. Material and methods. The State of nutrition (BMI, WC, WHtR) of 871 thirteen-year-old children of both sexes was evaluated and 230 children with WC > 90 percentile were selected (26.4% of the total number examined) and divided into three groups regarding the BMI. In 71 children (30.9% of the selected group) the method of nutrition, energy and nutritive value of menus, structure of consumption of food groups and GI and GL value were evaluated, on the basis of the analysis of their three day menus, which had been documented. Results. Significantly higher values of BMI and WC were ascertained in boys than in girls. No essential differences in values of WHtR index were ascertained between boys and girls. The analysis of children’s menus, in both sexes with a waist circumference > 90 percentile showed, regardless of BMI value, a low realisation of recommended energetic value of the diet and low realisation of recommended supply of: dietary fibre, fat, mineral components (K, Ca, P, Mg, Fe, Zn, Cu), vitamins (E, Bh PP) and liquids with simultaneous occurrence of protein in general and animal protein, sodium and vitamins (A, B2, B6) supply. A significantly higher supply of the most of aforementioned ingredients was ascertained in the boys’ diets. In the girls’ diets distinctive differences have been noticed dependent on the value of BMI index, in realisation of the recommended supply: Fe, vitamins A, B1; and for the boys in realization of recommended supply of dietary fibre, K, Ca, vitamins A, B2, C and liquids. The Glycemic Index and Glycemic Load of the basic meals - breakfasts, dinners and suppers - and an average GI and GL of meals from three days was significantly higher for the girls than for the boys. Depending on the BMI, the GI and GL value of basic meals and that of the average of three days were not statistically significant for the girls, although for obese boys they were significantly higher in breakfasts, dinners and suppers than for the boys with normal weight and overweight boys. Conclusions. In thirteen-year-old children with abdominal obesity, regardless of their BMI Index values, numerous dietary mistakes were ascertained, for example: improper number of meals during the day, resignation from basic meals and frequent snacking, unbalanced diet, improper consumption of basic food groups and medium GI and high GL of meals. Children’s diet might be the cause of the existing state of nourishment, including visceral obesity; it might predestine deeper disturbances in carbohydrate-lipid metabolism and that is why nutrition education in primary schools is necessary.
Stwierdzono, że izokaloryczna zamiana obecnych w diecie pełnych ziaren pszenicy i kukurydzy na mąkę pszenną i sacharozę, powodowała istotny wzrost stężenia triacylogliceroli, cholesterolu całkowitego i jego frakcji VLDL- chol. we krwi badanych zwierząt. Zastosowana suplementacja witaminami z grupy B, nie tylko nie korygowała tych zmian ale dodatkowo istotnie podwyższała stężenie triacylogliceroli, cholesterolu całkowitego, frakcji VLDL- i LDL- chol. i obniżała stężenie frakcji HDL- chol.
Celem badań była ocena sposobu żywienia i stanu odżywienia dziewcząt, w wieku 15 i 16 lat, u których określono masę i wysokość ciała, obwód talii; wyliczono wskaźniki BMI, WC i WHtR. Ocenie poddano 3-dniowe jadłospisy oraz przeprowadzono badanie ankietowe dotyczące stosowania diet odchudzających. Stwierdzono, że 40,8% 15-letnich i 31% 16-letnich dziewcząt stosowało diety odchudzające. Tylko u 76% młodszych i 71% starszych dziewcząt wartość wskaźnika BMI była prawidłowa. Problem gromadzenia tkanki tłuszczowej (WC≥95c) w talii dotyczył 4% dziewcząt młodszych i blisko 10% starszych. Wartości wskaźnika WHtR≥90c stwierdzono u blisko 10% młodszych i 23% starszych dziewcząt. Analiza sposobu żywienia dziewcząt wykazała niską wartość energetyczną diety, niedobór białka ogółem, węglowodanów złożonych, składników mineralnych (K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Cu, Zn), witamin (A, E, z grupy B) oraz płynów. Dziewczęta odbyły prozdrowotne szkolenie żywieniowe w formie warsztatów.
Badano wpływ składu diety i jej suplementacji wybranymi witaminami z grupy B na pobieranie paszy, przyrosty, zmiany masy ciała, gromadzenie tkanki tłuszczowej oraz stężenie lipidów i lipoprotein we krwi samic szczura. Zwierzęta, w wieku 5 miesięcy, podzielono na trzy grupy (po 8 osobników) i żywiono ad libitum granulowanymi mieszankami typu Labofeed B. Grupę I mieszanką podstawową zawierającą m.in. pełne ziarna zbóż, grupę II mieszanką zmodyfikowaną, w której pełne ziarna zbóż zastąpiono częściowo mąką pszenną i sacharozą i grupę III mieszanką zmodyfikowaną suplementowaną nadmiarowo wybranymi witaminami z grupy B. Doświadczenie trwało 6 tygodni, na bieżąco obliczano ilość spożytej paszy, a raz na tydzień kontrolowano masę ciała zwierząt. Po zakończeniu doświadczenia w uzyskanej surowicy oznaczano stężenia triacylogliceroli, cholesterolu całkowitego metodami enzymatycznymi oraz zawartość frakcji cholesterolu metodą rozdziału elektroforetycznego. Przeprowadzono również analizę zawartości tłuszczu w mięśniach i w wątrobie oraz określono ilość tłuszczu okołonarządowego. Stwierdzono, że zmiana składu paszy oraz jej suplementacja wybranymi witaminami z grupy B nie wpływała w sposób istotny na wielkość jej pobierania i przyrosty masy ciała, natomiast istotnie wpłynęła na gromadzenie u zwierząt żywionych paszą zmodyfikowaną tłuszczu okołonarządowego, a u suplementowanych tłuszczu śródmięśniowego. Badania wykazały, że suplementacja diety wybranymi witaminami z grupy B korygując negatywny efekt gromadzenia wisceralnej tkanki tłuszczowej pod wpływem zmiany jej składu, powodowała istotny wzrost stężenia triacylogliceroli, cholesterolu całkowitego, jego frakcji VLDL- i LDL- przy równoczesnym obniżeniu stężenia frakcji HDL – cholesterolu.
Introduction. Down’s Syndrome (DS) belongs to the most frequent aberrations of autosomal chromosomes of all known chromosome disorders. The most frequent diseases accompanying Down’s Syndrome include diabetes and obesity. One of the causes of fatty tissue, including visceral tissue accumulation in body is an ill balanced diet in terms of, among others, the quantity and structure of carbohydrates, as well as values of glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL). As in Down’s Syndrome the incidence of both obesity and diabetes is higher than in healthy population, it seems essential to evaluate and correct the diet in terms of not only carbohydrates level, but also of GI and GL. The object of this study was to evaluate the nutritive status and nutritional pattems of children and adolescents (both sexes) with Down’s Syndrome (DS) taking into account the GI and GL of their meals. Material and methods. The State of nutrition was assessed in October and November 2009 in 24 people with clinically-diagnosed trisomy of chromosome 21 including 16 boys (aged 10-22) and 8 girls (aged 13-18) pupils of two school-and-educational centres from the West Pomerania Province. Methods of feeding evaluation that is energy and nutritive value, consumption pattems of groups of food products, GI and GL values were based on analysis of three days menu by currently noting. Results. Among the young people under research 54% were overweight and obese and among those 41% with visceral obesity. Analysis of menus of the young people with Down’s Syndrome has shown low energy value of diet, low realization of the recommended supply of fibre, Ca, Mg, Zn, Bj vitamin and fluids. The participation of energy coming from fat and saccharose was too high and too low from carbohydrates compared to the recommended values. Resultant GI of meals of the young people under research exceeded average values and the whole day GL exceeded high values. Conclusions. Everyday food rations of both sexes affected by Trisomy 21 were not balanced in terms of energy and nutritive values, which may predispose them to disorders in carbohydrate body metabolism. Average values of the glycemic index and high values of the glycemic load of diets of the surveyed participants may facilitate the development of obesity and its effects in the form of type 2 diabetes. It is advisable to correct diets of participants with Down’s Syndrome being at a high risk of type 2 diabetes development in terms of GI and GL values and it is advisable to conduct health-promoting nutritional education of children and adolescents as well as their parents/guardians and Staff of centres they attend to, in the aspect of the prophylaxis of metabolic diseases.
Background. After several years of experience with guiding of an original program on health-promoting nutritional education for women during menopause, which by inducing changes in nutritional behaviour resulted in many favorable health promoting effects, on request of the students of the Association of Third Age University, an original educational program “Comprehensive stimulation of senior citizens to activity” was developed out and implemented. Objective. The objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness of four-month nutritional education and adjustments in diets of women aged 60-85, on the basis of the measurements of the selected lipid parameters in their blood tests. Material and methods. This research project was joined by 37 female subjects aged 60-85, who are the members of the University of the Third Age in Szczecin, and whose average BMI was 31.7 kg/m2. Before the nutritional education commenced and after it was completed, the female subjects’ nutritional status was assessed (BMI, WC, WHR, WHtR) and the energy and nutritional value of their diets was examined based on the subjects’ regular journalkeeping. Keys’ atherogenic score in their diets were also computed. Results. The applied nutritional education led to changes in the energy and nutritional value of the female subjects’ diets, which specifically improved their anthropometric parameters and the resulting BMI, WC and WHtR parameters. This fact was also reflected in a substantial decrease of the glucose level and a substantial increase of HDL-C level in the blood of the examined female subjects, as well as in the improvements in the assessed parameters TC/HDL-C, LDL-C/ HDL-C, TG/HDL-C. Conclusions. The analysis of the results allows to confirm, that the four-month nutritional education of elderly women resulted in changes of their erroneous dietary habits and an improvement in their nutrition.
The purpose of this research was to assess the amount of isoprostane 8-iPF2α-III, a marker of oxidation stress, in excreted urine. The study was conducted on 40 male rats aged 5 months. Group 1 received the basic diet, groups 2-4, the modified diet in which whole cereal grains were partly substituted with wheat flour and sucrose. Groups 1-2 received water to drink, groups 3 and 4 were given aqueous solutions of B group vitamins at different doses. On the fifth week of the experiment, a 24-h urine collection was conducted. The concentrations of creatinine and 8-iPGF2a-III were determined in urine samples. Modification of diet composition caused increased excretion of isoprostane, which may indicate enhancement of free-radical reactions in the examined animal. The provided supplementation decreased the value of this parameter expressed as a creatinine ratio, but not, however, to the values observed in the animals fed the basic diet. A stronger effect was observed with excess supplementation.
Celem badań była ocena stanu odżywienia i sposobu żywienia kobiet i mężczyzn (w wieku 49-60 lat) przybywających do 6 miesięcy na emeryturze, mieszkańców województwa lubuskiego. Przeprowadzono badanie ankietowe dotyczące danych socjoekonomicznych oraz badania antropometryczne, na podstawie których wyliczono wskaźniki BMI i WHR. Wartość odżywczą średnich całodziennych racji pokarmowych emerytów oceniono na podstawie 3-dniowego zapisu. Tylko u 24% kobiet i 9% mężczyzn stwierdzono prawidłową wartość wskaźnika BMI. Problem gromadzenia tkanki tłuszczowej wisceralnej dotyczył 58,6% kobiet i 84,2% mężczyzn. W całodziennych racjach pokarmowych (CRP) badanych emerytów zawartość energii i większości składników odżywczych odbiegała od wartości zalecanych. Analiza statystyczna wykazała istotne różnice w sposobie żywienia kobiet i mężczyzn. Badania wskazują na potrzebę wprowadzenia prozdrowotnej edukacji żywieniowej wśród emerytów.
Background. This study was aimed at exploring, on animal model, how the diet changes, which results in exceeding 5 times the amount of deficit of group B vitamins after diet change, which up to a certain extent imitates supplementation method in people, influences the concentration of apolipoprotein A-I and apolipoprotein B - the components of lipoprotein HDL-C and LDL-C. Material and methods. The research was conducted on 24 WISTAR male rats, aged ca 5 months. The animals were divided into 3 feeding groups: I was fed with basic com- pound which contained among others full wheat grain and com grain, group II and III with modified compound in which part of the fuli wheat grain, from basic compound, was substituted for wheat flour, and 50% of com with saccharose. Group I and II animals were drinking pure tap water which was left to stand for some time beforehand, group III animals vitamins dissolved in water: B1, B2, B6, and PP - five times exceeded the difference between the amount of basic and modified feed, which in a certain way imitated the supplementation in human food. After one week of animals conditioning, the experiment was conducted for 6 weeks. In their blood serem were determined concentration of glucose (GL), triacyloglycerols (TG), total cholesterol (TC), fraction of HDL-cholesterol (HDL- C), fraction of LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) and apolipoproteins A-I (apo A-I) and apolipoproteins B (apoB). In the dissected muscles and in the animals’ livers the amount of fat was determined with Soxhlet’s method. The obtained results were analysed with one factor variance by use of statistic Computer program Statistica® with application of Duncan test. Results. Analysing the influence of diet change and its supplementation with chosen group B vitamins on the amount of consumed feed, it was ascertained that in spite of the same calorific value of the used feed, significantly less, compared to other groups, was consumed by the animals from the supplemented group. However, there was no significant gain of body mass in male rats and higher accumulation of pericardial and periintestinal fat tissue. Significantly lower amount of fat, in comparison to animals fed with basie feed, was observed in muscles of animals fed with modified and supplemented feed, however significantly higher amount of fat was found in liver. In animals fed with modified feed compared with animals fed with basie feed higher GL, TG, TC its LDL-C fraction and apoB and decrease of fraction HDL-C concentration was noticed. The applied supplementation with group B vitamins statistically significantly lowered concentration of GL, TG, LDL-C fraction, apoB and inereased concentration of TC. Observed decrease concentration of HDL-C fraction, apoA-I, apoB and inereased TC in serum of supplemented animals it was statistically insignificant. Conclusions. Analysis of the obtained results allowed stating that supplementation of diet with chosen group B vitamins in which full grains were exchanged for wheat flour and saccharose, was favourable to retuming to original State of disadvantageous effects brought by change of diet content. It was demonstrated by decrease of glucose, triacyloglycerols, lipoprotein LDL-C and apoB concentration while lipoproteins HDL-C and apoA-I were decreased and inerease of total cholesterol in blood of rats under research, although not all changes were statistically significant.
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