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In field and pot experiments the effect of selected pesticides on the atmospheric nitrogen fixation, number of microorganisms in soil and yield of red clover has been investigated. The results obtained indicate that crop protection preparations applied in the experiments (Funaben T seed dressing compound and Pivot 100 SL herbicide) resulted in reduction of nitrogenase activity on the active strain of Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii KGL both in pot and field experiment conditions. Moreover, the authors observed the toxic effect of the pesticides used on nodulation, root development and yield of clover. The herbicide and fungicide applied also inhibited the multiplication of the microorganisms in soil under red clover plantations in the first days upon application and, later on, stimulated their multiplication.
The issue of professional activity of the elderly is currently the subject of intense debate. The projected decline in the population of young people makes it necessary to raise the level of professional involvement of the more mature part of the labour force. The increase in the economic activity of people aged 50+ is seen as an opportunity to preserve the continuity of economic growth. This paper explores the issue of the possibility of utilising the professional potential of elderly people in the context of the construction of silver economy, paying attention to the possible benefi ts stemming from the implementation of its principles.
The objective of this investigations was to verify whether the co-inokulation of maize seedlings with a strain of Rhizobium leguminosarum in combination with the bacteria from the Azospirillum genus can stimulate the development of this plants more than the inoculation of these seedlings only with Azospirillum bacteria. The obtained results indicate a distinctly higher effectiveness of the combined inoculation of maize seedlings as expressed by bacterial counts, nitrogenase activity and weight of plant shoots in comparison with the inoculation only with the bacterial strain from the Azospirillum genus. The increased effectiveness was distinct in the case of the Rhizobium leguminosarum with Azospirillum lipoferum combination.
The laboratory experiments tested the influence of selected pesticides on the symbiotic efficiency and nitrogenase activity of Rhizobium teguminosarum bv. trifolii KGL, Sinorhizobium melilotii Bp and Bradyrhizobium sp. Ornithopus B bacteria entering into symbiosis with clover, lucerne and serradella, respectively. The results obtained indicate that the pesticides used in the experiments (Funaben T seed dressing and Pivot 100SL herbicide) caused reduced nitrogenase activity in active strains tested. In addition, a toxic effect of the applied pesticides on the nodulation and root growth of the tested plants was observed.
In field and pot experiments the effect of selected pesticides on the nitrogenase activity, num­ber of soil microorganisms, and yield of hybrid lucerne was investigated. The obtained results show that crop protection preparations applied in the experiment (seed dressing compound Funaben T and Pivot 100SL herbicide) reduced the activity of nitrogenase in the active strain of Sinorhizobium me­liloti both under conditions of pot and field experiments. In addition, the authors observed a noxious influence of the applied pesticides on nodulation, root development and yield of lucerne. Furthermore, in the first days after their application, the employed herbicide and fungicide inhibited mul­ti­pli­cation of soil microorganisms under lucerne plantations, while later they were found to stimulate their mul­ti­pli­cation.
The objective of the performed investigation was to ascertain the impact of different doses of sewage sludge (2t, 4t and 8t d.m. sewage sludge-ha^year1) on the developmental dynamics of oligotrophic, copio- trophic, cellulolytic and proteolytic microorganisms. Soil samples for microbiological analyses were collected at six dates connected with the developmental phases of spring barley. The incorporation into the soil of organic matter in the form of sewage sludge resulted in a slight in­crease in the counts of all the analyzed groups of microorganisms. The performed statistical analysis showed a positive correlation between the intensity of the CO2 release and numbers of the discussed microorganisms in all fertilization treatments.
The aim of our study was to determine the dynamics of development of select groups of microorganisms and the activity of dehydrogenases in a substrate containing a microbiological inoculum (BAF1) intended to improve scarlet sage growth and flowering. The material used in the investigations was peat substrate of 5.5-6.0 pH into which plants were planted and then inoculated with different doses of the BAF1 biopreparation (1:10, 1:50, 1:100). Samples of the substrate were collected during the following three phases: seedling planting, vegetative growth, and flowering. The following parameters were determined: developmental dynamics of total bacteria number, actinomycetes, molds (Koch plate method), and dehydrogenases activity (spectrophotometric method). Moreover, plant morphological parameters such as plant height, shoot number and length, number of buds and inflorescences, as well as content of chlorophyll a+b, a, and b, and leaf greenness index (SPAD) were also measured. The application of the BAF1 inoculant into the peat substrate contributed to increased number of heterotrophic bacteria, actinomycetes, molds, and dehydrogenases activity. The number of the studied microorganisms were stimulated most significantly by the applied foliar application of the biopreparation at 1:10 concentration, while their metabolic activity also was stimulated by the foliar application of the experimental inoculum applied at a concentration of 1:50. The applied BAF inoculum failed to exert a significant effect on the number and greenness index of leaves or on leaf blade width and length. However, irrespective of the dose and method of application of the inoculum, it improved the degree of coloring of inflorescence buds and affected the length of inflorescences (in particular, the foliar and soil application of 1:50 concentration) and increased the chlorophyll content in plants (especially the soil application with the biopreparation at 1:50 concentration, as well as foliar application at 1:100 concentration).
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