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The investigation was carried out on 40 dogs of different sex, age and breed. The animals were divided into 3 groups: I (control) – 20 healthy dogs, II - dogs with diarrhoea aged under 1.5 years, III - dogs with Falimentary tract catarrh symptoms aged over 1.5 years. Clinicaf examinations were performed in all the animals. In 5 randomly chosen dogs from each group, D-xylose and glucose loading tests were performed. The results of D-xylose and glucose tests in the dogs of group I were found to be normal. In the dogs of group II, the results of both tests were lower than normal, and in the dogs of group III they were comparable with those found in the control group. The results of the present study suggest that the D-xylose and glucose loading tests are reliable for determining the intestinal absorption efficiency. D-xylose test can be substituted with a glucose loading test which gives comparable results.
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The treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) possesses numerous difficulties owing to the unclear etiology of the disease. This article overviews the drugs used in the treatment of IBD depending on the intensity of clinical symptoms (Canine Inflammatory Bowel Disease Activity Index and Canine Chronic Enterophaty Clinical Activity Index). Patients demonstrating mild symptoms of the disease are usually placed on an appropriate diet which may be combined with immunomodulative or probiotic treatment. In moderate progression of IBD, 5-aminosalicylic acid (mesalazine or olsalazine) derivatives may be administered. Patients showing severe symptoms of the disease are usually treated with immunosuppressive drugs, antibiotics and elimination diet. Since the immune system plays an important role in the pathogenesis of the disease, the advancements in biological therapy research will contribute to the progress in the treatment of canine and feline IBD in the coming years.
Ultrasonography is a noninvasive diagnostic tool used to image size, shape, parenchyma and vascularization of various body organs. Unfortunately, the ultrasonographic image is characterized by a low contrast due to similar acoustic properties of the soft tissue. The Doppler mode provides information about blood flow, but is incapable of imaging small vessels and capillaries because of their low blood flow velocity (1 mm/s). However, a possibility to increase the effectiveness of ultrasonographic diagnostics exists, thanks to intravenous ultrasound contrast agents (UCAs) consisted of gas microbubbles. The purpose of this review paper is to characterize specific imaging techniques necessary to conduct a contrast-enhanced liver examination and indications for CEUS as an alternative diagnostic method.
The objective of this study was to carry out a macroscopic and histopathological examination of the gastric mucosa in dogs with inflammatory bowel disease and to evaluate the effect of mesalazine therapy on histopathological changes in the gastric mucosa. The treatment was performed on 18 dogs with histopathologically confirmed inflammation of the duodenum and the jejunum. The animals were administered mesalazine at 12.5 mg/kg b.w. bid over a six-week period. The dogs investigated were diagnosed with chronic catarrhal gastritis with intense lymphocytic/plasmocytic infiltration. In 83% of the dogs, intestinal metaplasia had been noted in bioptates before examination. The results of macroscopic and microscopic examinations revealed that the applied treatment had a positive effect on gastric mucosal morphology. Cellular infiltration of the gastric mucosa was significantly inhibited, most probably, due to the anti-inflammatory effect of mesalazine.
Eighty piglets, 50 with diarrhoea and 30 healthy ones (control group), were examined. The animals underwent clinical and biochemical investigations: glucose and ketone compound levels, pH of faeces and the percentage of disacharides. Moreover, D-xylose and lactose load tests were carried out. Gross and histopathological examinations of small intestines were performed in dead animals. Dyspepsia and inadequate absorption of carbohydrates were found during the course of alimentary tract catarrh in the piglets (D-xylose and lactose load test results, increased proportional content of disacharides in faeces and acid pH of faeces), which may lead to energy disturbances (lower glucose level and higher content of ketone compounds). The above disturbances in diarrhoeic piglets may be the consequence of histopathological changes in the intestinal epithelium (accelerated desquamation of epithelium, different shape and size of brush borders).
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