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DNA methylation is an epigenetic process affecting gene expression and chromatin organization. It can heritably silence or activate transcription of genes without any change in their nucleotide sequences, and for a long time was not recognized as an important regulatory mechanism. However, during the recent years it has been shown that improper methylation, especially hypermethylation of promoter regions, is observed in nearly all steps of tumorigenesis. Aberrant methylation is also the cause of several major pathologies including developmental disorders involving chromosome instabilities and mental retardation. A great progress has been made in our understanding of the enzymatic machinery involved in establishing and maintaining methylation patterns. This allowed for the development of new diagnostic tools and epigenetic treatment therapies. The new approaches hold a great potential; several inhibitors of DNA methyltransferases have already shown very promising therapeutic effects.
The Biebrza River valley is the most valuable wetland’s complex in Poland. The biodiversity of endangered plants and animals observed in this region is outstanding. The lower river valley is considered as one of the most natural wetland area in Europe since, only small reach of this valley was drained. The conservation of this valuable object depends also on maintaining of high soil moisture, therefore the knowledge about the water balance dynamic of this ecosystem seems to be crucial. The evaporation process is a common element of both water and heat cycles thus wetland surface heat balance studies will be helpful for modeling of local hydrological conditions. The paper presents the methodology of grassland ecosystem heat balance structure research which have just started at the Biebrza River valley. The automatic measurement system was developed at the Division of Meteorology and Climatology, and it is consisted of net radiometer – net radiation measurement, heat fl ux plates – soil heat fl ux density measurement, 3D sonic anemometer used for direct measurement of sensible heat fl ux (eddy covariance approach). Two thermohygrometers were installed additionally, which allow to estimate the latent heat flux density using the Bowen ratio method.
Methane emission from a wetland was measured with the eddy covariance system. The location of the system allowed observation of methane efflux from areas that were covered by different vegetation types. The data presented in this paper were collected in the period between the13th of June and the 31st of August 2012. During the warmest months of the summer, there was no strong correlation between methane emissions and either the water table depth or peat temperature. The presence of reed and cattail contributed to a pronounced diurnal pattern of the flux and lower methane emission, while areas covered by sedges emitted higher amounts more with no clear diurnal pattern.
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