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1

Polimorfizm i metryczna zmiennosc uzebienia lisa z Polski

100%
Szuma E.
Działalność Naukowa PAN. Wybrane Zagadnienia
|
2001
|
tom 11
66-68
2

Dental abnormalities in the red fox Vulpes vulpes from Poland

100%
Szuma E.
Acta Theriologica
|
1999
|
tom 44
|
nr 4
The sample of 1453 specimens of the red fox Vulpes vulpes (Linnaeus, 1758) from Poland was analysed from the point of view of the presence and frequency of congenital dental abnormalities. Deviations from the steady dental pattern were found in 196 specimens (56 females, 100 males and 40 specimens of unknown sex). Together 230 cases of' anomalies were classified to eight different categories of dental abnormalities. The most frequent anomalies were: oligodonties (7.2%; leaving out those of M3 - 2.8%). The frequencies of the remaining categories were the following: deviations from the typical shape of the tooth - 2.5%, hypoplastic changes of the tooth enamel - 2.5%, presence of extra roots - 2.0%, polidonties - 2.0%, irregularities in the position of the teeth - 1.9%, partial split of the crown - 1.4%, partial eruption of the teeth - 0.7%. The frequency of the dental abnormalities was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in males (15.7%) than females (10.5%). Six out of eight categories of the dental abnormalities, ie: oligodonty, polidonty, partial split of the crown, partial eruption of the teeth, deviations from the typical shape of the tooth and irregularities in the position of the teeth, were insignificantly more frequent in males, Additional roots were found equally often among males as females, while enamel hypoplasias occurred insignificantly more frequently among females than among males. The examples of the dental anomalies observed in red fox indicated that in many cases they did not result from the influence of a single factor but they were the effect of a combined operation two or more factors of both genetic and environmental nature.
3

Evolutionary implications of morphological variation in the lower carnassial of red fox Vulpes vulpes

100%
Szuma E.
Acta Theriologica
|
2004
|
tom 49
|
nr 4
Research on the morphological variability of the occlusal surface of M1 talonid in the red foxVulpes vulpes (Linnaeus, 1758) in the Holarctic has been carried out on 2271 specimens originating from 42 populations. The Nearctic was represented by 666 specimens belonging to 13 populations, whereas Palearctic was represented by 1605 specimens from 29 populations. Analyses of the developmental level and formation of cristids between the hypoconid and entoconid allowed the differentiation of 34 shape variants of the occlusal surface of the talonid in the red fox. Because of the complicated variation of cristids, 34 variants were assigned to 5 morphotypes of group P. In the Palearctic and Nearctic a significant geographic variation occurred of P morphotypes and their variants. Primitive variants of the talonid structure on M1 are predominant in populations from the south of the Asian range of the red fox, while more progressive characters of the occlusal surface of the lower carnassial are typical of the northern and centrally located red fox populations in the Palearctic and Nearctic. The geographic differentiation is probably connected with different Pleistocene histories of particular populations.
4

Partial eruption of teeth in the red fox Vulpes vulpes

100%
Szuma E.
Acta Theriologica
|
1997
|
tom 42
|
nr 3
Six cases of partial eruption, including C1 (n = 4), P3 (n = 1) and Mi (n = 1), were recorded among 855 skulls of the red fox Vulpes vulpes (Linnaeus, 1758) from Poland. The reason for these hinderings of dental eruption was probably canine distemper infection suffered during infancy or the influence of some local factors, eg formation of a dentigerous cyst.
5

Evolutionary and climatic factors affecting tooth size in the red fox Vulpes vulpes in the Holarctic

100%
Szuma E.
Acta Theriologica
|
2008
|
tom 53
|
nr 4
Research into the geographical pattern of tooth size in the red fox,Vulpes vulpes (Linnaeus, 1758) in the Holarctic was conducted on a sample of 3806 skulls belonging to 41 fox populations. The Nearctic was represented by 948 specimens (249 females, 359 males, 340 specimens of unknown sex) belonging to 13 populations, whereas the Palearctic was represented by 2858 red foxes (1034 females, 1256 males, 568 specimens of unknown sex) from 32 populations. In the Nearctic, the largest foxes live on Kodiak Island (V. v. harrimani) and the Kenai Peninsula (V. v. kenaiensis), while the smallest ones live in California (V. v. necator) and Georgia (V. v. fulvus). In the Palearctic, the largest foxes come from the Far East (V. v. jakutensis, V. v. beringiana, V. v. tobolica), while the smallest are from the southern borders of the Eurasian range (V. v. pusilla, V. v. barbara, V. v. arabica). In both the Palearctic and Nearctic, tooth size in the fox varies depending on the geo-climatic factors. The fox’s tooth size confirms the general basis of Bergmann’s rule. In the Palearctic, specimens with larger teeth occur in cooler habitats with greater seasonality. These are first and foremost Northern and Far Eastern populations. In the Nearctic, tooth size in red foxes depends on the temperature and humidity of their habitat. Competition within the species and between species has important impact on the variation and dimorphism of tooth size in the red fox. Both in the Nearctic and Palearctic, red foxes from regions of sympatric co-occurrence with other closely relatedVulpes species, are more sexually dimorphic in terms of tooth size than red foxes from allopatric regions. Analysis of morphological distance on the basis of the size of dental characteristics shows, that in the Palearctic, the foxes from India (V. v. pusilla), while in the Nearctic, the population from Kodiak Island (V. v. harrimani) are most distant from the remaining populations. Geographic barriers such as the Bering Strait, Parry Channel, Mackenzie River, Kolyma and Omolon River systems have had a critical impact on red fox evolution. The most likely place for the evolution and diversification of the phyletic lineVulpes vulpes seems to be the Middle East region.
6

Quasi-continuous variation of the first premolars in the Polish population of the badger Meles meles

100%
Szuma E.
Acta Theriologica
|
1994
|
tom 39
|
nr 2
The presence-absence polymorphism and the size of P1] were studied in the Polish population of the badger Meles meles (Linnaeus, 1758} (n = 79). P1 is more often absent than Pi. The lengths of P\ range from 0.97 mm to 2.63 mm (V = 16.3-22.3). A breach in the continuous variation of the size of the teeth between their absence and the minimum length of the crown that is 0.97 mm suggests that a threshold mechanism, related to size, operates at an early stage of P'i ontogeny. Such a mecha­nism would allow the development of a tooth only if it had reached the threshold size at the critical stage of its ontogeny. The correlation between the presence or absence of P!i and the number of roots of P% confirms the existence of a gradient in shape ancf size within the morphogenetic field of cheek teeth. The frequent occurrence of P i in the Polish population of the badger (73%) corresponds to the clinal variation of the presence-absence polymorphism of the first premolars in Eurasia.
7

Variability of native and invasive raccoon dogs' Nyctereutes procyonoides populations: looking at translocation from a morphological point of view

63%
Korablev N. P., Szuma E.
Acta Theriologica
|
2014
|
tom 59
|
nr 1
We have studied metric variability of two indigenous and five invasive populations of the raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides ussuriensis) by using 21 dental and cranial size-adjusted measurements. Material consisted of 532 the raccoon dog skulls. Sexual size dimorphism (SSD) in total was statistically significant for 12 characteristics. Males were larger than females by up to 7 %. In some populations, SSDs were not explicit. A relatively low SSD is a result of life strategy and characteristics of the raccoon dog as monogamous species with wide ecological niche. Females have more obviously interpopulation structure than males due to 10 significantly different measurements while males differ by eight measurements. In addition, females where correctly classified by discriminatory analysis in populations totalling 60.4 % and males in 52 % of cases. Introduced populations are characterised by bigger measurements in skull width in relation to indigenous ones. Raccoon dogs from Europe show increase of general length of the skull. Our study does not support definite geographical or temporal variation of the raccoon dog because its linear size did not correlate with geoclimatic parameters. The one exception is a dental measurement of females which depends on temperature and latitude predictors. Size variation of the raccoon dog in areas of origin and colonised regions should be discussed from different points of view. The main factors to shape spatial and temporal skull variation in the raccoon dog are net primary production of ecosystems, adaptability to ecologically different regions and stochastic factors such as founder effect, isolation of populations due to by human activity. Observed metric variability is not deep morphological segregation and stands mainly in frames of ancestral subspecies.
8

Metabolic rate in Pitymys subterraneus of the two coat-colour morphs

63%
Gebczynski M., Szuma E.
Acta Theriologica
|
1993
|
tom 38
|
nr 3
Basal metabolic rate (BMR) of the European pine vole Pitymys subterraneus (de Sélys-Longchamps, 1836) with typical black agouti coat colour (A) is 2.78 cc O2 g"1 hr" , and in voles with diluted fur pigment (D) it is 3.06 cc O2 g"1 hr"1. The difference of BMR between the voles of A and D morphs is not significant. Resting metabolic rate (RMR) was determined at ambient temperatures (Ta) -10°C, 0°C, 6°C, 12°C, 24°C and 30°C. P. subterraneus of A morph decrease RMR from 9.21 (at -10°C) to 4.80 cc O2 g"1 hr 1 (at 30°C) while the voles of D morph decrease RMR from 10.43 to 4.01 cc O2 g"1 hr'1, respectively. The differences of RMR between the voles of A and D morphs are significant at Ta -10°C, 0°C, 6°C, 24°C, and 30°C. Maximum oxygen consumption rate (VO2NA), after injection of noradrenaline, is not dependent on Ta (measurements were made at -10°C, 0°C, 12°C and 24°C). It equals 8.96 cc 02 g"1 hr"1 in P. sub­terraneus of A morph and 10.18 cc O2 g"1 hr"1 in the voles of D morph, and the difference is significant.
9

Atlas ssaków Polski

51%
Okarma H., Bogdanowicz W., Rychlik L., Szuma E.
Chrońmy Przyrodę Ojczystą
|
2011
|
tom 67
|
nr 1
10

Morphometric variation of the skull during postnatal development in the Lowland European bison Bison bonasus bonasus

51%
Krasinska M., Szuma E., Kobrynczuk F., Szara T.
Acta Theriologica
|
2008
|
tom 53
|
nr 3
We studied the variation of linear measurements and skull capacity in Lowland European bisonBison bonasus bonasus (Linnaeus, 1758) during postnatal development, and the dependencies of the parameters in relation to sex, age, and body mass of the animals. Material consisted of 599 bison skulls (310 males and 289 females), within the age range of 1 month to 21 years (males) and to 27 years (females). In the group of calves to 1 year old, no sex connected differences in skull measurements were observed, whereas the skull capacity in older calves was significantly larger (0.01>p>0.001) in males than in females. From the third year of life, most skull measurements display characteristics of sexual dimorphism. Skull development in both sexes is most intensive during the first three years of life, and slows from the age of 5. In older individuals of both sexes (≥ 6 years), orbital breadth continues growing and, in females, breadth of splanchnocranium continues increasing. Growth in a bison’s skull capacity is most intensive up to the third year of life and slows from the age of 5. During postnatal development, a bison skull grows proportionally except the neurocranium, which grows slightly slower in comparison with basal length and its development finishes earlier than that of splanchnocranium. In ontogenesis, a bison skull grows much slower compared to body mass. In relation to body mass, skull capacity and the height of neurocranium grow most slowly while orbital breadth grows most intensively. The results obtained were compared with data on skull sizes of bison born in 1930–1950 and bred in captivity and with skulls of the American bisonBison bison. Inbreeding is probably responsible for some types of phenotypic abnormalities in the skull which appear in modern European bison.
11

Zmienność wielkości rogów żubrów nizinnych żyjących w Puszczy Białowieskiej współcześnie i na przełomie XIX i XX wieku oraz żubrów kaukaskich

45%
Krasinska M., Wojcik A. M., Szuma E., Baryshnikov G. F., Miloserdov D. J.
Parki Narodowe i Rezerwaty Przyrody
|
2013
|
tom 32
|
nr 4
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