Preferencje help
Widoczny [Schowaj] Abstrakt
Liczba wyników

Znaleziono wyników: 57

Liczba wyników na stronie
Pierwsza strona wyników Pięć stron wyników wstecz Poprzednia strona wyników Strona / 3 Następna strona wyników Pięć stron wyników wprzód Ostatnia strona wyników

Wyniki wyszukiwania

help Sortuj według:

help Ogranicz wyniki do:
Pierwsza strona wyników Pięć stron wyników wstecz Poprzednia strona wyników Strona / 3 Następna strona wyników Pięć stron wyników wprzód Ostatnia strona wyników
The aim of the study was to compare the grain nutrients and protein yield of spring barley varieties (Rastik, Rataj) depending on various kinds of crop protection (extensive vs. intensive). Extensive cultivation of naked barley caused a decrease of protein and fat contents in the grain as well as an increase of ash and N-free extract. As for unhusked barley, the contents of protein, fibre and ash decreased whereas that of N-free extract increased. The contents of fat in the spring barley grain showed the slightest changes. As for the protein yield, the barley intensively cultivated (558.6 kilos per hectare) gave better results (by 20%) than the one extensively cultivated. Growing spring barley in a 3-year monoculture caused a 15% decrease of yield as compared with the rotated crop.
The present study was conducted in the years 2007- 2008, after 6-year-long experiments in the cultivation of spring barley in a crop rotation system and in monoculture. The other experimental factor was the spring barley protection method. Intensive protection involved comprehensive treatment of barley (in-crop harrowing, seed dressing, application of herbicides, fungicides, a retardant and an insecticide). Extensive protection consisted only in in-crop harrowing, without the application of crop protection agents, except for seed dressing. The above mentioned factors formed the background for the study on the cultivation of white mustard and oats, as phytosanitary species, in successive years. In the test plants, no mineral fertilization and crop protection were applied. Such agricultural method enabled an objective assessment of the consequent effect of monoculture, crop rotation and crop treatments. A hypothesis was made that the cultivation of the phytosanitary plants in the stand after 6-year-long barley monoculture would allow obtaining the level of yields and weed infestation similar to those of the crop rotation treatments. It was also assumed that the cultivation of white mustard and oats would eliminate differences in plant productivity caused by the negative influence of extensive protection. It was proved that the cultivation of the phytosanitary plants eliminated the negative influence of monoculture on the level of their yields and weed infestation. However, the test plants did not compensate negative consequences of extensive protection. In spite of this, white mustard and oats effectively competed with weeds, and the number and weight of weeds in a crop canopy did not cause a dramatic decline in yields. In the test plant canopy, the following short-lived weeds were predominant: Chenopodium album, Galinsoga parviflora, Echinochloa crus-galli. The absence of herbicide application resulted in the compensation of perennial species: Elymus repens and Cirsium arvense.
W pracy przedstawiono wpływ zróżnicowanej liczby mechanicznych zabiegów pielęgnacyjnych w uprawie buraka cukrowego na skład gatunkowy i liczbę chwastów na 1 m² gleby lessowej. Analizowano również kształtowanie się zachwaszczenia w zależności od poziomu agrotechniki. Dowiedziono, że liczba chwastów malała wraz we wzrostem częstości gracowania poletek oraz poziomu agrotechniki. Największy ubytek (23,4%) dominujących gatunków chwastów wywoływało ośmiokrotne gracowanie wykonywane w okresie od wschodów do zwarcia się rzędów buraka. Stosowanie zwiększonego nawożenia mineralnego, mikroelementów, fungicydów i insektycydów zmniejszało liczbę chwastów o 20,2%, w porównaniu z agrotechniką ekstensywną. Okres przebywania chwastów w łanie miał istotny wpływ na plon korzeni buraka cukrowego.
W pracy przedstawiono wpływ zróżnicowanej liczby mechanicznych zabiegów pielęgnacyjnych w uprawie buraka cukrowego na zawartość składników pokarmowych i mineralnych w korzeniach i liściach tej rośliny. Analizowano również kształtowanie się składu pokarmowego i mineralnego buraka w zależności od poziomu agrotechniki. Dowiedziono, że zawartość składników pokarmowych oraz mineralnych zależała głównie od warunków atmosferycznych. Stosowanie intensywnej agrotechniki modyfikowało jedynie zawartość tłuszczu surowego w liściach. Zwalczanie chwastów w okresie od wschodów do zwarcia się rzędów buraka wpływało pozytywnie na zawartość substancji bezazotowych wyciągowych w korzeniach i tłuszczu surowego w liściach.
A field experiment in winter wheat was carried out in Czesławice (central part of Lublin region) in 2007–2009. The research included 3 doses of herbicides, fungicides and a retardant (100%, 75%, 50%) as well as the type of adjuvant (supeficially active, oil, mineral). Control objects without adjuvant were also taken into consideration. It was proved that the reduction of pesticides doses by 50% caused a considerable decrease of the protein, and wet dluten content, the falling number and sedimentation value in winter wheat grain as compared with the 75% dose and with the maximum dose. Thanks to the addition of adjuvants (especially oil adjuvant) to spraying liquid the reduction of pesticides doses by 25% did not cause deterioration of grain quality indices. Further reduction (by 50%) of pesticide doses, in spite of interaction with adjuvants, had a negative effect on the analysed quality features of grain.
A field experiment involving the cultivation of common valerian was conducted on loess soil in Abramów (Lublin region) in the period 2007-2009. Qualitative parameters of herbal raw material obtained from this plant as well as in-crop weed infestation were evaluated depending on the protection method and forecrop. Hand-weeded plots, in which a hand hoe was used, were the control. In the other treatments, weeds were controlled using various herbicides and a mechanical implement (brush weeder). Potato and winter wheat + field pea cover crop were the forecrops for common valerian crops. A hypothesis was made that the use of a brush weeder and herbicides not registered for application in valerian crops would have a positive effect on this plant’s productivity and weed infestation in its crops. It was also assumed that the introduction of a cover crop would allow the elimination of differences in the forecrop value of the crop stands in question. The best quantitative and qualitative parameters of common valerian raw material as well as the largest reduction of incrop weed infestation were recorded after the application of the herbicides which were not type approved. The use of the brush weeder in the interrows also had a beneficial effect on productivity of the plant in question, but secondary weed infestation at the end of the growing season of common valerian turned out to be its disadvantage. Traditional crop protection methods used in common valerian crops were less effective in weed infestation reduction and they resulted in lower plant productivity and raw material quality. Potato proved to be a better forecrop for common valerian than winter wheat + field pea; however, this positive effect was not confirmed statistically. The following annual weeds: Chenopodium album, Galinsoga parviflora, Stellaria media, were predominant in the common valerian crop. Traditional weed control methods resulted in the dominance of some dicotyledonous weeds, such as Viola arvensis, Galium aparine, Capsella bursa-pastoris.
A field experiment on weed control in valerian canopy was carried out in 2004–2006 in Jaroszewice (central part of Lublin region). Studies involved three herbicide mixtures applied at the stage of 3–4 leaves; herbicides had no certificates to be applied for valerian in Poland. Effects of tested herbicides were compared to traditional (two-stage) chemical weed control. Experiment revealed that the strongest reduction of valerian weed infestation was ensured by mixture of pendimethalin and haloxyfop-R as well as metamitron and propachizafop. Those herbicides were characterized by great selectivity towards valerian. MCPA and chizalofop-P-ethyl caused considerable plant injuries. The yield of valerian showed considerable negative correlation with the degree of canopy weed infestation. Content of valerenic acids in valerian raw material depended mainly on weather course during experiment.
Pierwsza strona wyników Pięć stron wyników wstecz Poprzednia strona wyników Strona / 3 Następna strona wyników Pięć stron wyników wprzód Ostatnia strona wyników
JavaScript jest wyłączony w Twojej przeglądarce internetowej. Włącz go, a następnie odśwież stronę, aby móc w pełni z niej korzystać.