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In the present work there was determined the influence of unauthorised dump on grey alder Alnus incana (L.) MOENCH population which was localised in Jeleśnia. The authors tried to determine which features of the population and individual specimens could be feated as the indicators of environmental disturbance. It was interesting to determine if the time factor influenced intensity of population reaction on disturbance by the existance of unauthorised dump. On the area of 100 m² there alder trees studied heights and breast height diameters of each specimen was measured and 10 leaves from each tree were collected. Some biometric features of the leaves were measured. The researche was made in 1995, 1996 and 1997. During three years 48% of alder trees died; there were no signs of reproduction. There was tendency observed that average values of all of leaf biometrics were decreased. On the basis of the research made it could be stated that an unauthorised dump is a source of deep stress to grey alder population. Some biometrical features of the leaves and reproducing efiectivity could be indicators of environmental disturbance and stress. The longer the influence of the dump, the weaker the plant tolerance to the disturbance.
Tuberin (TSC2) is one of the proteins involved in autism spectrum disorders’ pathogenesis (ASD), which together with hamartin (TSC1), is responsible for cellular growth, protein synthesis, and cellular proliferation. The highest concentration of Tuberin has been observed in the cerebellum, particularly in the Purkinje cells. In view of the physiological role of the cerebellum, lack of this protein may impair both locomotor activity and motor coordination. Being one of the factors responsible for ASD, tuberin might also play a role in early behavioral pattern formation. In this work we try to prove these two hypotheses. The study involved three groups of mice: 12 heterozygous TSC (+/-) and 8 mutant TSC (-/-) mice were compared with a control group of 7 wild-type C57BL/6 mice. All the mice were introduced into the study at the age of 6 weeks. Each mice underwent the following standardized tests: the RotaRod test, the Elevated Runway test, the Open Field test. All the tests were performed three times- at the age of 6, 12 and 28 weeks. Both the RotaRod and the Elevated runway tests revealed significantly impaired motor coordination skills in the mutant mice compared with both the control and the heterozygous group. Furthermore, the TSC (-/-) mice exhibited a noticeably lower level of explorative activity and higher levels of fear.
Tuberin (TSC2) is one of the proteins involved in autism spectrum disorders’ pathogenesis. Together with hamartin (TSC1), tuberin is responsible for protein synthesis, cellular growth and proliferation. Lack of these proteins causes tumors, hamartomas, observed in the central nervous system of affected patients. Additionally 25–60% of patients with tuberous sclerosis complex develop autism spectrum disorders. The highest concentration of tuberin has been noted in the cerebellum, particularly in the Purkinje cells. Purkinje cells may participate in the process of emission of ultrasounds (ultrasonic vocalization – USV), which can be analyzed as parameter of early stages of intercommunication development. Expression of tuberin in the cerebellar Purkinje cells was switched-of by means of the Cre/loxP transgenic technolgy. The study involved two groups of mice: homozygous for the mutation TSC2Cre-/- and control group TSC2Cre+/+. All the mice were introduced into the study at the age of 2 days and the USV was recorded every two days until the age of 14 days. To record and analyze the ultrasounds we used the Ultrasound Recording Device and software by Avisoft Bioacustics. Preliminary data suggest subtle alterations of USV, but more experiment is needed to support first observations.
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