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The studies concerning the effect of the time and the methods of budding on the growth of young cherry trees were conducted in the years at Felin Experimental Farm of Lublin Agricultural University. The objects of investigations were the young cherry trees obtained as a result of budding of mahaleb cherry (Prunus mahaleb L.) and sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) seedlings in the way by the chip budding-15th July and T-graft-15th July and 1st September. The used methods and the times of budding insignificantly affected the growth of young cherry trees cv. «Łutówka» in a nursery. There was showed that quality features of the trees were dependet on stock used type. Cherry trees obtained on mahaleb cherry were thicker, higher and better branched than on sweet cherry.
The studies concerning the effect of the times and the methods of budding on the growth of young cherry trees were conducted in the years 1997-2000 at Felin Experimental Farm of Lublin Agricultural University. The objects of investigations were the young cherry trees obtained as a result of budding of mahaleb cherry (Prunus mahaleb L.) and sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) seedlings in the way by the chip budding-15th July and T-budding-on the 15th July and the 1st September. The used terms and budding methods did not affect the bud taking and the quality of cherry trees during three years studies. Chip budding of the sweet cherry on the 15th July was the most effective way of this seedling budding. Late budding-on the 1st September-did not change the efficiency of the nursery only in case of mahaleb cherry. The highest number-33 000 of the young trees, average per 1 ha was got as a result of the chip and "T" mahaleb cherry budding on the 1st September.
The studies were conducted in the years 2000-2003 at the Felin Experimental Farm of the Agricultural University of Lublin. Maiden apple trees, 'Šampion' and 'Jonica', grafted on the M.9 RN29 and M.26 rootstocks, were the examined material. It was proved that genetic characteristics of the cultivar and weather conditions in the period of growth of young shoots had a significant effect on the growth of the examined trees. The diameter of the rootstocks of the examined cultivars depended on the type of the rootstock used. It turned out that in 2002 the M.26 apple was significantly thicker than the M.9 one. No significant effect of the rootstock and the cultivar on the diameter of the maiden trees at the height of 30 cm was found. It was observed that the trees on M.26 had a larger diameter than those on M.9. The cultivar and weather conditions in a given year had the most significant effect on the sum of shoot lengths, as well as the number and length of one shoot.
The present study was conducted at the Felin Experimental Farm, belonging to the University of Life Sciences in Lublin, during the period 2005–2008. The experimental material consisted of maiden trees of sour cherry ‘Łutówka’ budded on seedlings of mahaleb cherry (Prunus mahaleb L.) of unknown origin. The experiment evaluated the effect of four budding times: 15 July, 1 August, 15 August, and 1 September, on the quality of cherry trees in a nursery. The mean for the three years showed that budding time did not have a significant effect on the quality of cherry trees in the nursery. It was observed that the budding of mahaleb cherry performed on the two August dates (1st and 15th) had a more beneficial effect on the growth and branching of trees than the budding done on 15 July and 1 September. The quality of maiden cherry trees ‘Łutówka’ in the nursery was primarily dependent on weather conditions in a given growing season, which is evidenced by the significant differences between production cycles, high variation in the quantitative results in individual years, and the absence of significant differences in the mean for 2006–2008.
The experiment was established at Felin Experimental Farm of Lublin Agricultural University. The aim of this study was to estimate the growth and the branched of the six stocks used in the production of the cherry and the sweet cherry young trees. Results of the study proved that F 12/1 and Colt stocks were the most vigorous, while P-HL 6 and P-HL 84 were characterised by the weakest growth. The best branched was by mahaleb cherry seedlings and P-HL 84 stock. The greatest precentage of cut off the buds of the cherry cv. ‘Łutówka’ proved on the rootstocks: F 12/1, P-HL 84 and P-HL 6.
Studies were conducted at the Felin Experimental Station of the Agricultural University in Lublin in the years 2001–2003 and their aim was to estimate the effect of preparations Arbolin 036SL and Promalin 3,6 SL in the form of lanolin paste on the quality of two-year-old trees ‘Šampion’ and ‘Jonica’ cvs. grafted on rootstock M.26. It was shown that the greatest influence on the number of lateral shoots, sum of shoot length and their mean length was exerted by the cultivar and atmospheric conditions in a given year. It was observed that in the majority of trees more lateral shoots were formed by the trees after the application of growth regulators as compared to the control. A singular use of preparations stimulating the branching in the form of lanolin paste in the years with unfavourable weather conditions (2003) was not sufficient to obtain satisfactory effect. The genetic features of a cultivar and the weather conditions in the period of young shoots’ growth had a significant effect on the growth of the studied trees. Preparations Arbolin and Promalin in the form of lanolin paste had no significant effect on the diameter of the rootstock trunks.
Studies were conducted at the Experimental Station of the Agricultural University of Lublin in the years 1997–2000 the aim of which was to estimate the quality of young trees and the nursery eficiency of cherry trees on 6 stocks: P-HL 84 (A), P-HL 6 (C), Colt, F 12/1, mahaleb cherry (Prunus mahaleb L.) and sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.). The highest percentage of the taken buds was found on P-HL 84, P-HL 6 and F 12/1. The budding of the enumerated stocks every year makes it possible to achieve the greatest nursery efficiency. More than 78% of first quality trees were obtained on stocks Colt and mahaleb cherry. The worst quality cherry trees of cv. ‘Łutówka’ were obtained on vegetative clones P-HL 84 and 6 as well as F 12/1.
In 2001–2003 on Sandomierska Upland researches were done in order to estimate the influence of the rootstock and the age on the growth and yielding of the ‘Szampion’ trees. This cultivar was grafted on P60 and M.26 rootstock. It was stated that the ‘Szampion’ had given abundant crops (73–113 t/ha on average) due to magnificent conditions of Sandomierska Upland. The height of the yield depended in a significant way on the rootstock (six-year-old trees on P60 yielded considerably better than on M.26) and the age of trees – the trees on M.26 younger by 2 years provided a significantly better yield. The growth and quality of fruits of the ‘Szampion’ depended on the age of scrutinized trees. The proportion of fruit with the diameter of more than 7.0 cm in all the studied combinations exceeded 80% and it was the highest in the trees on P60.
Recent years have been marked with a more common use of mineral fertilizers comprising marine algal extracts in horticultural production. Seaweed extracts are reported to possess, among others, biostimmulatory potential that improves yield growth and its quality as well as promotes plant resistance to adverse environmental agents. The marine alga processing technologies facilitate the extraction of active substances valuable for plant crops as stimulants for a number of plant physiological processes. The substances can be incorporated into both, soil or foliar applied fertilizers. The present research objective was to assess the influence of N Pro technology and Seactiv complex based on marine algal extracts on apple tree ‘Szampion’ growth, yield quantity and quality. The experimental material comprised ‘Szampion’ apple trees grafted on M.26 stock, the trees were aged 10 years at the experiment onset. The study aimed at evaluation of growth, yield quantity and quality of ‘Szampion’ apple trees fertilized according to two following programs. The measurements performed showed that introduction of the fertilization programs based on marine algal extracts had significant effect on total yield, one fruit weight, firmness and sugar extract content in apple tree ‘Szampion’ fruits. It was found that the N Pro technology and Seactiv complex had significantly beneficial influence on the percentage of big fruits, i.e. above 7.5 cm diameter and marketable yield in each experimental year. Cropping efficiency coefficient (CEC) of ‘Szampion’ apple trees fertilized according to N Pro technology and Seactiv base was significantly higher compared to control solely in 2008, in the other research years the differences were insignificant. The fertilization program based on marine algal extracts had positive influence on the ‘Szampion’ apple tree`s annual increments and each year the trees under N Pro and Seactive complex fertilization technology produced higher increments as against control; the differences in the last research year were significant. The N Pro technology and Seactiv base had positive impact on ‘Szampion’ apple tree leaf surface area, significant influence was observed in the second and third research year.
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