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As it is well known, the share of microorganisms in the fertility and soil health is very important. Soil microorganisms play a major role in organic matter mineralization, provide nutrients to plants, and improve the soil structure. The size of the soil organisms is very variable. It depends primarily on the water and air relations in the soil as well as the temperature. The aim of the research was to determine the content of live microorganisms biomass in the soil under rape, maize, bean and wheat crops including the rhizosphere. The analyzes were carried out in different vegetation periods and phases of plant development on the example of the farm in Starza. Determination of living microorganisms biomass was carried out applying the method developed by Anderson and Domsch. The biomass content of live microorganisms in the soil was dependent on the cultivated plant, growing date and phase, as well as the proximity of the rhizosphere.
Contamination with bioaerosols most affects the livestock production, and especially the poultry. Prolonged or repeated exposure to high concentrations of airborne fungal spores is considered a major risk factor for human health and contributes to the deterioration of lung functions, and particularly allergic diseases. The aim of the study was to determine the number and quality of moulds and yeasts in the air of various objects for poultry post-slaughter waste processing. The study allowed to detect the presence of moulds and yeasts in the air of all sampling points. There were: Aspergillus sp., Penicillium sp., Scopulariopsis sp., Trichoderma sp., Acremonium sp., Cephalosporium sp., Alternaria sp., Pithomyces sp., Eurotium sp., and: Rhodotorula sp., Candida sp., Yarrovia sp. and Saccharomyces sp. Statistical analysis confirmed the presence of highly significant influence of the sampling point, date, and interaction of these factors on the fungi population.
One of the problems in the development of the agro-food industry is the production of enormous quantities of organic waste. In recent years, in order to minimize the negative impact of waste on the environment, emphasis is put on their recycling. Organic matter derived from poultry industry waste can be processed into other products, including compost. The aim of the study was to evaluate the phytoremediation of selected plant species on the compost substrate obtained from the poultry waste as compared to other commercial composts available on the market. Analyses used the Phytotoxkit containing three test species: sorghum (Sorghum saccharatum), bittercress (Lepidium sativum) and white mustard (Sinapis alba). The test plants were placed on four different substrates: control soil, poultry compost, vermicompost and Compo Sana®. Phyto-reactivity of plants tested on compost prepared from poultry waste on a background of other commercial products was dependent on the plant species and the type of substrate. Poultry waste compost exhibited equally good nutritional properties in the composition of macro and micronutrients, which determined the growth and development of seedlings. It particularly refers to the stimulation of the growth of underground parts of mustard and bittercress, respectively 65% and 86% of the control value, and the aboveground parts, that were higher by 46% and 38%, respectively.
Soil phytotoxicity studies were performed with different doses of creosote by means of the PHYTOTOXKIT test, using Sinapis alba, Lepidium sativum, Sorghum saccharatum as test plants. The obtained results indicate highly signifiant effect of the creosote dose, duration of soil incubation, type of test plant and period, after which the root length measurement was performed during the phytotoxicity index root test. The analysis of results indicates the highest sensitivity of Sorghum saccharatum to creosote and the highest correlation of results obtained with the aid of Lepidium sativum when measuring the root length after the fist day the seeds are lined with the size of the dose. The proposed mathematical model makes it possible to predict the reaction of test plants on the size of creosote dose as well as to assess its amount in the soil based on the root phytotoxicity. These results allow for a signifiant simplifiation of the test and shorten its duration. This allows the modifid test to be used for simple monitoring of not only the phytotoxicity but also the creosote residues during reclamation of contaminated soil.
The Enterobacteriaceae family is a very diverse group of microorganisms. Especially, it contains in its composition a unit of a pathogenic nature causing serious illnesses and health problems of people and animals. They are a huge problem in the environment of animal husbandry, processing and waste management.The purpose of this work was to determine the amount of contaminants with Enterobacteriaceae bacteria species after the slaughter of different poultry species. The study used a pre-selective propagation technique on MacConkey’s liquid medium. To confirm the presence of Enterobacteriaceae bacteria, the inoculation onto VRBDA medium was made. The numbers of population and results of the tests allowed for calculating the MPN and the titre of tested bacteria group. Tested samples contained feather waste after slaughter of poultry, i.e. chickens, ducks, geese and turkeys. Material was collected at different dates from three poultry slaughterhouses in Western Poland.Based on the results obtained, the numerous presence of Enterobacteriaceae family bacteria has been confirmed in the waste feathers of various poultry species following the slaughter. The number of Enterobacteriaceae bacteria differed significantly in different materials and dates of measurement, which could be due to the heterogeneity of the animals supplied to the plants.
This paper assesses the impact of creosote and low-molecular-weight organic acids (LMWOAs) on the activity of acid phosphomonoesterase, alkaline phosphomonoesterase, phosphotriesterase, and inorganic pyrophosphatase in soil. The experiment was carried out on loamy sand samples with organic carbon content of 8.71 g·kg⁻¹, with the following variable factors: dosages of creosote: 0, 0.5%, and 2.5%; type of LMWOAs: oxalic acid, tartaric acid, and citric acid in the amount of 50 mmol·kg⁻¹ of soil; days of experiment: 1, 7, 14, 28, 56, 112. Obtained results showed that contamination with creosote caused decrease in the activity of soil phosphatases. The observed effect did not always increase with increase in the dosage of the pollutant. Among the assayed phosphatases, the biggest changes were noted in the activity of phosphomonoesterases. Application of LMWOAs to contaminated soil mainly effected the inhibition of phosphatase, especially the activity of acid phosphomonoesterase. Comparison of the effects of LMWOAs showed that the citric acid was the least toxic to soil phosphatases.
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