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1

Effects of soil amendment on bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacerum and tomato yields in Ethiopia

100%
Ayana G., Fininsa C., Ahmed S. S., Wydra K.
Journal of Plant Protection Research
|
2011
|
tom 51
|
nr 1
Field experiments were conducted in Ethiopia to evaluate the effect of silicon fertilizer and sugarcane bagasse on tomato bacterial wilt (Ralstonia solanacearum). Silicon fertilizer significantly reduced the bacterial population, mean wilt incidence, percent severity index, and corresponding areas of disease incidence, and severity progress curves in the moderately resistant tomato cultivar (King Kong 2). Similarly, sugarcane bagasse resulted in a significant reduction of mean wilt and percent severity index, the corresponding areas under disease incidence and severity progress curves and the bacterial population at 5 days post inoculation, compared to the control, in cultivar King Kong 2. However, neither silicon fertilizer nor sugarcane bagasse resulted in any significant reduction of all disease parameters in the moderately susceptible cultivar Marglobe. Silicon fertilizer and sugarcane bagasse amendments also increased fruit yield for cultivar King Kong 2, but not for cultivar Marglobe. The total silicon content was also significantly increased in silicon fertilizer amendment, followed by sugarcane bagasse amended plants. The study recommends use of silicon fertilizer as a soil amendment under field conditions to augment resistance in moderately resistant cultivars where bacterial wilt disease problems prevail. However, a silicon fertilizer or silicon source was not found to substantiate or improve a susceptible cultivar. Sugarcane bagasse was demonstrated to possess a potential as an alternative soil amendment material and as an alternative silicon source.
2

Changes of Galpha(q), Galpha(11) and Galpha(12) mRNA expression levels in rat prefrontal cortex and amygdala after reinstatement of cocaine-seeking behavior

88%
Zelek-Molik A., Kreiner G., Filip M., Wydra K., Nalepa I.
Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis
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2011
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tom 71
|
nr S
Inhibition of monoamine transporters by a psychostimulant, cocaine, increases the monoamines availability at synaptic cleft and leads to the enhanced stimulation of monoaminergic postsynaptic receptors. G proteins represent the down-stream connectors from receptors to intracellular signalling. The aim of the study was to assess the expression of Gα(q), Gα(11) and Gα(12) mRNAs following reinstatement of cocaine-seeking behaviour in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and the amygdala (AMY) of male Wistar rats using a “yoked” procedure and RT-PCR technique. We found that phases of cocaine-seeking behavior differently influenced the Gα subunits depending on the brain structure analyzed. Cocaine self-administered for 18 days induced a significant increase of mRNA levels of all Gα subunits (by ~23% for Gα12 and Gα11, and by 46% for Gαq vs yoked) in the PFC. After 10 days withdrawal from cocaine when no change in G proteins was observed, reinstatement induced by priming dose of the drug decreased G12 and Gq. The effect was more pronounced after combination of the cocaine with cue previously associated with cocaine self-administration and was noticed in G11 as well. In AMY, changes in the expression of Gα mRNAs induced by cocaine self-administration dependent on environmental cues paired with cocaine. Cocaine self-administration decreased (by ~24%) all G protein mRNAs while opposite effect was observed when cocaine self-administration was paired with cue stimulus. Withdrawal from cocaine induced 2-fold increase in mRNA level of three G proteins. On the contrary, the reinstatement induced by the cue decreased significantly Gα mRNAs to the same degree as did its combination with cocaine-priming. Our study provides the first evidence that alterations of G proteins mRNA expression can be conditioned by environmental stimuli paired with cocaine administration. Supported by statutory funds of the Institute of Pharmacology PAS.
3

Succession pattern of invertebrates on an unburied corpse of a cat suffering from cancer: a case study

76%
Czepiel-Mil K., Stryjecki R., Listos P., Kowalczyk-Pecka D., Wydra K., Sudak J.
Medycyna Weterynaryjna
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2020
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tom 76
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nr 04
Forensic entomology frequently assists forensic medicine in legal investigations. It makes it possible to estimate the time of death when a cadaver is recovered at a relatively advanced stage of decomposition. In criminalistics practice, unburied bodies are found the most commonly, and therefore the fauna of these cadavers is the best investigated. The aim of this study was to collect a succession of insects and other invertebrates occurring on an unburied corpse. The experiment was conducted on the carcass of a cat euthanized due to an advanced cancer process. The carcass was colonized by three phyla of animals: Annelidae, Mollusca, and Arthropoda. They belonged to 7 classes and 10 orders. The most diverse were Arthropoda. They were classified into 5 classes: Insecta, Diplopoda, Malacostraca, Entognata, and Arachnida, and into 8 orders: Julida, Isopoda, Collembola, Diptera, Coleoptera, Hemiptera, Araneae, and Acari. The fly species Calliphora vicina from the family Calliphoridae is of particular interest among the insects collected because it is one of the fundamental indicator species whose life cycle makes it possible to determine an approximate time of death. During the study it was noted that arthropods occurred in a certain pattern of succession, predictable in forensic entomology. The first group was Calliphora vicina (Calliphoridae, Diptera), which laid eggs. The next (second) group consisted of first-instar C. vicina larvae and insects feeding on these larvae, such as Philonthus tenuicornis (Staphylinidae, Coleoptera). The first stage of succession was the appearance of eggs of C. vicina. The second phase was the appearance of adult flies other than Calliphoridae and of accidental species, as well as beetles (e.g. Philonthus tenuicornis, Staphylinidae, Coleoptera) feeding on larvae of C. vicina. The third phase of succession was the appearance of all larvae stages of C. vicina that continued and finished their life cycle.
4

Involvement of rimonabant, a cannabinoid ch1 receptor antagonist, in the behavioral effects of cocaine

76%
Zaniewska M., McCreary A. C., Wydra K., Nowak E., Filip M., Przegalinski E.
Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis
|
2005
|
tom 65
|
nr 3
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