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Oznaczono zawartości ołowiu i kadmu w płatkach śniadaniowych zakupionych we wrocławskich supermarketach metoda˛ płomieniowej absorpcyjnej spektrometrii atomowej (AAS).Średnie zawartości ołowiu w badanych płatkach kukurydzianych i pszennych wynosiły od 0,028 do 0,082 mg/kg, kadmu – od 0,007 mg/kg do 0,021 mg/kg. Nie stwierdzono przekroczenia dopuszczalnych zawartości ołowiu i kadmu w płatkach śniadaniowych. Wyjątek stanowiła jedna próbka płatków kadmu była wyższa od dopuszczalnej zawartości o 16%.
Background. Buckwheat, despite its broad nutritional benefits, is still not widely appreciated grain. It contains a protein with preferred amino acid composition and it is a valuable source of micronutrients and vitamins of the B group and vitamin E. Moreover, buckwheat groats have a high amount of polyphenols, including flavonoids and flavones. Eating rye bread is beneficial due to its high content of dietary fiber, phenolic acids and characteristic taste and aroma. Therefore, the use of rye flour and buckwheat mill products for bread may allow obtaining a product of high nutritional value and flavor. Objective. The aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of buckwheat products addition and baking process on the antioxidant properties of rye-buckwheat blends and breads. Material and methods. Experimental material was rye flour type 580 and buckwheat flour, wholegrain flour and bran obtained by grinding buckwheat groats. Buckwheat products share was 20 and 35%. The control was the rye flour. In the rye-buckwheat blends and bread loaves, the contents of selected flavonoids by HPLC method, total polyphenols content by Folin-Ciocalteu method and the antioxidant activity by the DPPH˙ radical scavenging method were determined. Results. Buckwheat bran was significantly richer in total polyphenols, rutin, quercetin, orientin and isoorientin than other buckwheat products and rye flour. Bread after baking contained similar amount of total polyphenols and quercetin and have a comparable ability to scavenge 1,1diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radicals (DPPH˙) than the corresponding blends. Baking process negatively affected the amount of rutin, orientin and isoorientin. Conclusions. The use of buckwheat bran as a replacement for wheat flour in bread significantly increases its nutritional value. The process of baking unequally affects the content of particular groups of antioxidant compounds.
Background. The knowledge about nutrition of the marathoners is insufficient. An insightful and personalized approach to the diet of long-distance athletes, including the consumption of important nutrients such as dietary fiber, is needed to improve the efficiency of their performance. Objective. Estimation of the frequency of consumption of food products as a source of dietary fiber by people preparing for the marathon. Material and Methods. The frequency of intake of selected dietary fiber sources by women (n=105) and men (n=87) aged 19 to 73 years, who compete in marathons. The Block questionnaire was used to assess the intake of fiber sources (whole grain cereals, vegetables, fruits, potatoes and legumes). Fiber consumption was expressed on a dot scale. Results. Adequate dietary fiber intake was found in 44% of the marathon runners, but insufficient one - in 50% of the respondents. Diets of about 6% of the subjects were poor in dietary fiber. Lower dietary fiber intake was demonstrated in both men and women in the pre-marathon period, and was due to the recommended dietary fiber intake during this period. Conclusion. The study showed an insufficient intake of dietary fiber in all-day rations of most of the surveyed marathon runners. A statistically significantly lower dietary intake of marathoners (both women and men) was demonstrated before the marathon compared to the post-long distance period.
Background. It is believed that buckwheat can be used as a functional food ingredient in the prevention and treatment of diet-related diseases, e.g., atherosclerosis, hypertension, obesity, constipation and cancers. The use of buckwheat protein preparations in the diet for experimental animals had a significant effect on the reduction of cholesterol level in their blood serum, liver and gall bladder, and additionally inhibited the formation of gall stones as a result of changes in cholesterol metabolism. Buckwheat protein extracts have additionally been shown to reduce the level of LDL and VLDL fractions. Objective. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of different products from ground buckwheat nuts (flour, meal and bran) and bread with their addition applied in balanced diets on selected biochemical blood markers in Wistar rats. Material and Methods. The study was conducted with 64 male Wistar rats. Animals received a semi-synthetic diet AIN 93M with 20% addition of buckwheat flour, meal or bran and containing 20% rye-buckwheat bread made with 35% buckwheat flour, meal or bran, respectively. The animals were fed the experimental diets for 4 weeks. Whole blood was used to measure hematocrit and hemoglobin concentrations. The contents of glucose, total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, and triglycerides were determined in the blood serum using BioSystem biochemical tests. Results. There was no significant effect of 20% addition of ground buckwheat products (buckwheat flour, meal and bran) or bread with their addition to balanced diets on hematocrit, hemoglobin concentration in the blood or the concentration of glucose in the blood serum of experimental animals. The study showed a statistically significant beneficial effect of dietary addition of buckwheat or rye-buckwheat bread on the reduction of total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and triglycerides (TGC) in the blood serum of rats. Conclusions. A statistically significant decrease was demonstrated in LDL cholesterol and triglycerides in the blood serum of animals fed diets with 20% addition of ground buckwheat products (buckwheat flour, meal and bran) and rye-buckwheat bread containing these products.
The study was undertaken to investigate the effect of RS4 resistant starch in high-fat diets on the apparent absorption of magnesium (Mg) and iron (Fe) in Wistar rats. The animals (4 groups of males, n=32) were fed 4 types of diets: a control diet with 15% addition of soybean oil (K1) and a control diet with 15% addition of lard and cholesterol (K2) as well as 2 respective experimental groups with 10% addition of RS4 resistant starch (K1S and K2S). After a 3-week adaptive period, the animals were transferred into metabolic cages. Feed intake was measured and samples of faeces were collected within the 3 subsequent days. Diets and faeces were determined for contents of Mg and Fe with the method of atomic absorption spectrometry. The absorption of Mg and Fe in rats was calculated based on a difference between their contents in ingested diets and excreted faeces. An increase was observed in the apparent absorption of magnesium and iron by ca. 8% and 17.5%, respectively, in the group of rats fed the high-fat diet (lard + cholesterol) and resistant starch (K2S) as compared to the control group (K2).
Background. One of the prerequisites to achieve high sports scores is to ensure the proper supply of nutrients. Both deficiency and excess of these components can cause malfunctions of bodies in athletes, which adversely affects their health and performance. Objective. Comparison of the frequency of intake of groups of vegetables and fruits, being sources of vitamins and minerals, by marathon runners in periods before and after the long-distance run. Material and Method. The frequency of fruit and vegetable consumption by marathoners was analyzed among women (n = 105) and men (n = 87) aged between 19 and 73 years, before and after running competition. The Block’s questionnaire was used to evaluate the consumption of groups of vegetables and fruits (leafy, root and cruciferous vegetables, as well as stone, berry and tropical fruits). Their consumption was assessed on a point scale. Results. Sufficient vegetable and fruit intake was found in about 55% of the marathon runners. Diets of about 20% of the respondents were poor in fruits and vegetables. Higher fruit and vegetable intake was reported in both men and women after the marathon compared to the pre-run period. Conclusion. Daily food rations of about 1/4 of the surveyed marathoners provided insufficient amounts of fruits and vegetables, and daily food rations of about 20% of the athletes were poor in these products. After the marathon, the consumption of vegetables and fruits improved in 15% of the surveyed women and in 10% of the men compared to the pre-marathon period.
Oznaczono za pomocą spektrofotometrii absorpcji atomowej zawartość metali ciężkich (Pb, Cd, Zn i Cu) w ziemniakach, warzywach i owocach, pochodzących z rejonu oddziaływania Huty Miedzi „Głogów". Zawartość tych pierwiastków w ziemniakach, marchwi, kapuście, burakach i jabłkach stanowiła 10-50% maksymalnych dopuszczalnych wartości, obowiązujących w okresie badań. W ponad 50% próbek naci pietruszki i w 10% próbek sałaty stwierdzono ponadnormatywne ilości ołowiu.
Badano wpływ skrobi opornej RS4 na absorpcję magnezu i żelaza u szczurów rasy Wistar. Zwierzęta (4 grupy samców n=12 i 4 grupy samic n=12) karmiono 4 rodzajami diet: kontrolną ze skrobią pszenną (K) oraz trzema z dodatkiem różnych preparatów modyfikowanych skrobi opornych (SI, S2, S3). Po dwutygodniowym okresie adaptacyjnym zwierzęta umieszczano w klatkach metabolicznych. Przez kolejne 3 dni mierzono spożycie paszy oraz zbierano kał. Wykonano oznaczenia zawartości Mg i Fe w dietach i kale metodą absorpcyjnej spektrometrii atomowej. Obliczono absorpcje Mg i Fe u szczurów na podstawie różnicy zawartości tych składników w spożywanych dietach a ilością Mg i Fe wydalanego z kałem. Stwierdzono zwiększenie o 37% absorpcji Mg u samic karmionych dietą S2 (z dodatkiem fosforanu monoskrobiowego) w porównaniu do grupy kontrolnej samic.
Oszacowano i oznaczono pobranie ołowiu i kadmu z całodziennymi racjami pokarmowymi, pochodzącymi z rejonu oddziaływania Huty Miedzi „ Głogów" Średnie tygodniowe pobranie ołowiu wahało się w zakresie 27-63% PTWI, kadmu 24-52% PTWI.
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