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1

Zmienność genetyczna cisa pospolitego w aspekcie ochrony gatunku w Polsce

100%
Lewandowski A., Litkowiec M.
Postępy Techniki w Leśnictwie
|
2015
|
tom 129
2
Artykuł dostępny w postaci pełnego tekstu - kliknij by otworzyć plik
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Genetic structure of the old black poplar population along the bank of the Vistula River in Poland

100%
Lewandowski A., Litkowiec M.
Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae
|
2017
|
tom 86
|
nr 1
Black poplar (Populus nigra L.) is one of the main woody riparian species in Europe. Because of extensive habitat loss due to river regulations, this species is considered rare and threatened. To analyze genetic diversity and spatial genetic structure, we examined ten nuclear microsatellite loci in a population of very old P. nigra trees growing along the Vistula River in Poland. We found a high level of genetic diversity (HE = 0.792, HO = 0.731, A = 14.7) that was within the range of other natural European P. nigra populations, and our results showed that sexual propagation is the dominant way of reproduction in the studied population, leading to high clonal diversity (R = 0.91). Additionally, we did not detect a spatial genetic structure resulting in a random spatial distribution of genotypes. Individuals from such old and diverse populations have the potential to provide valuable reproductive material for both restoration programs and breeding purposes.
3
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Polodowcowa historia jodły pospolitej (Abies alba Mill.) w Polsce jako efekt migracji z różnych ostoi plejstoceńskich - dotychczasowy stan wiedzy

100%
Litkowiec M., Lewandowski A.
Sylwan
|
2015
|
tom 159
|
nr 02
The paper reviews the current knowledge about the genetic variation, glacial and postglacial history of Polish populations of silver fir (Abies alba Mill.). This species occurs in the mountainous forests of central and southern Europe, from the Pyrenees up to the Balkans, where it is important from both ecological and economical points of view. The current knowledge about glacial and postglacial history of fir has been obtained from palynological and genetic studies. During the last ice age A. alba survived in the refugia in southern Europe, the central Apennines, the south of the Balkan Peninsula and the Central Massif in France. Two other refugia remained isolated – one in Calabria in the south of the Apennines and one in the Pyrenees. Furthermore the most likely routes of postglacial recolonization of silver fir as well as the introgression zone between them have been identified. In Poland, silver fir reaches the north−eastern border of its natural range. Several earlier studies based on isozymes and DNA markers (mitochondrial and chloroplast) have reported that the Polish populations of fir are characterized by lower levels of genetic variation within populations and higher genetic differentiation between them than other coniferous species. Fir probably migrated to Poland from two glacial refugia located in the Balkan and Apennines Peninsula. Notwithstanding, a recent study on Polish silver fir populations carried out with mtDNA marker, strictly maternally inherited, indicated that the species migrated to the Polish territory from the refugium in western Europe. However, this study did not take into account the possibility of participation of pollen pool of Balkan origin in the formation of the Polish populations of fir. Until now, there have been only a few reports concerning the gene pool of fir in Poland. Therefore, it is necessary to supplement the knowledge about its genetic variation. In the course of several episodes of silver fir decline during the past century, its populations have decreased in size and currently are scattered throughout the entire European range. Reliable information on the distribution of genetic variation is a prere− quisite for proper management of forest genetic resources in a short−term and long−term perspective. The recognition of the existing genetic diversity is also the preliminary phase in development of an effective strategy for conservation of forest tree species gene pools.
4

Pilna potrzeba ochrony zasobów genowych topoli czarnej (Populus nigra L.) w Polsce

81%
Lewandowski A., Wojkiewicz B., Litkowiec M.
Biuletyn Instytutu Hodowli i Aklimatyzacji Roślin
|
2018
|
nr 283
5
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Znaczenie zmienności genetycznej dla ochrony zasobów genowych cisa pospolitego w Europie

81%
Litkowiec M., Plitta B. P., Lewandowski A.
Sylwan
|
2013
|
tom 157
|
nr 10
The genetic variation is considered to be a key factor for long−term survival of the species. The recognition of the existing genetic diversity is the preliminary phase in development of an effective strategy for conservation of forest tree species gene pools. Taxus baccata L. with a wide but scattered distribution in Europe is an example of rare and endangered species that needs both ex situ and in situ protection. The increase in fragmentation and isolation of populations and reduction in effective population size can cause erosion of the gene pool through increased genetic drift, increased inbreeding, reduced gene flow and decreased migration rate. As a result, local populations may be responsible for the loss of genetic variation, hence a decrease in their viability and adaptability. A few genetic analyses based on isozymes and DNA markers indicate that the yew, both in Poland and in other regions of Europe, is characterized by high levels of genetic variation within populations and moderate genetic differentiation between populations.
6
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Genetic status of Polish larch (Larix decidua subsp. polonica (Racib. Domin)) from Chełmowa Mountain: implications for gene conservation

81%
Litkowiec M., Lewandowski A., Burczyk J.
Dendrobiology
|
2018
|
tom 80
7
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Utility of two mitochondrial markers for identification of Picea abies refugial origin

81%
Litkowiec M., Dering M., Lewandowski A.
Dendrobiology
|
2009
|
tom 61
65-71
Picea abies (L.) Karst is one of the most important coniferous species of Europe from both ecological and economical points of view. Traditional methods for the gene pool conservation and biodiversity maintenance in forest ecosystems have been practiced in many countries. For progress in this field using highly polymorphic genetic molecular markers is needed. Our goal was to demonstrate the utility of two polymorphic mitochondrial markers mt15-D02 and nad1 b/c in identification native Norway spruce stands. This molecular markers were tested in 1401 individuals from 59 Polish Norway spruce populations. We detected three alleles, which are called1, 2 and3, for locus mt15-D02 and two alleles , which are called1 and2, for locus nad1 b/c in our material. All five variants of alleles indicate the natural origin of P. abies. Result of this study shows that molecular marker mt15-D02 is easy to use and more informative in compare to marker nad1 b/c.
8

Ocena poziomu zmienności genetycznej naturalnego odnowienia topoli czarnej (Populus nigra L.)

81%
Wojkiewicz B., Litkowiec M., Wachowiak W., Lewandowski A.
Biuletyn Instytutu Hodowli i Aklimatyzacji Roślin
|
2018
|
nr 283
9
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Pochodzenie świerka pospolitego (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) w Nadleśnictwie Kartuzy

81%
Lewandowski A., Szydlarski M., Litkowiec M.
Sylwan
|
2014
|
tom 158
|
nr 07
The origin of the Norway spruce in the Kartuzy Forest District was verified using the maternally inherited mitochondrial DNA marker mt15−D02 that shows distinct geographical distribution in Europe. We analyzed 462 trees from 26 populations. The majority of trees were of Alpine origin and they were present in all populations at a frequency of 6−90% (mean 59%). About 30% of trees were of the Carpathian origin and the least abundant (11%) were trees of north−eastern origin. The trees carrying north−eastern type of the mitochondial DNA marker were found only in 13 populations, but at a very different frequency (from 5 to 88%). The possibility of natural origin of Norway spruce in the area of Kartuzy Forest District was shortly discussed.
10
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Śladami badań Władysława Jedlińskiego – określenie pochodzenia świerka na terenie Nadleśnictwa Skrwilno

81%
Lewandowski A., Litkowiec M., Fischer A.
Sylwan
|
2012
|
tom 156
|
nr 09
11
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Weryfikacja pochodzenia świerka pospolitego (Picea abies) w Nadleśnictwie Gołdap

81%
Lewandowski A., Litkowiec M., Grygier A., Dering M.
Sylwan
|
2012
|
tom 156
|
nr 07
12

Przybysz z Bałkanów. Co wiemy na temat pochodzenia dębów w Polsce?

80%
Lewandowski A., Dering M., Litkowiec M.
Las Polski
|
2011
|
nr 05
13
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Wybór elitarnych drzew matecznych sosny zwyczajnej i modrzewia europejskiego do założenia plantacji nasiennych 1,5 generacji

71%
Lewandowski A., Kowalczyk J., Litkowiec M., Urbaniak L., Rzonca M.
Sylwan
|
2017
|
tom 161
|
nr 11
Forest tree breeding is principally concerned with the improvement of growth, wood quality and vitality of tree species of economic interest. In Poland, breeding programs started in the second half of the twentieth century with the choice of plus trees to establish seed orchards. At present, seed orchards are a predominant source for the production of genetically improved seeds of conifers. In our country, Scots pine is the main forest tree, occupying almost 80% of the forest area. Annually, about 30,000 hectares of pines are artificially planted, with only a few percent of seeds coming from seed orchards. European larch is an important admixture tree species of economic significance in some areas, such as the Świętokrzyskie Mountains. Unlike Scots pine, as much as 60% of larch seeds used for artificial regeneration comes from seed orchards. There are 179 seed orchards in Poland, occupying area of 1140 ha, including 48 Scots pine and 30 European larch ones of 384 ha and 207 ha, respectively. All of them are only first generation and were established with vegetative propagules of plus trees selected in wild stands for their outstanding phenotype. Based on the results from the evaluation of plus trees in progeny trials, we selected 40 Scots pine and 40 European larch elite trees to establish 1.5−generation seed orchards. The selected trees were also characterized for their level of genetic variation with the use of nuclear microsatellite loci. We found that the examined trees have a high level of genetic variation. The mean number of alleles per locus and expected heterozygosity were 12.4 and 11.9, and 0.752 and 0.806, for Scots pine and European larch respectively. The calculated parameters are comparable to that observed in the populations of these species in Poland and other European countries. Established genetic profiles will be used in the future for controlling and monitoring the identity of elite trees in the process of creating archives of clones and seed plantations of next generation.
14
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Określenie pochodzenia wyłączonych drzewostanów nasiennych sosny rychtalskiej (Pinus sylvestris L.) z wykorzystaniem markerów mikrosatelitarnych

61%
Wojkiewicz B., Zukowska W. B., Urbaniak L., Kowlaczyk J., Litkowiec M., Lewandowski A.
Sylwan
|
2019
|
tom 163
|
nr 08
The rychtal pine is one of the most valuable ecotypes of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) approved for the breeding purposes in Poland. However, it occupies stands typical for oaks and beeches as shown by the compatibility analysis of species composition in relation to the habitat type in which they occur. Such result raises some doubts in terms of the naturalness of the rychtal pine and calls its history and origin into question. In the present study, we used the set of nuclear microsatellite markers to characterize and compare the gene pool composition of the selected seed tree stands of the rychtal pine with 200−year−old pine trees which grow at the Syców Forest District (SW Poland). We aimed to know to what extent the set of alleles specified for the group of the oldest trees from natural habitats is represented in the younger forest tree stands of the rychtal pine. The analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) and clustering analysis showed that the gene pool of the studied pine populations was homogenous (FST=0,02%, K=1). The parameters of genetic variation were similar for all populations except for the mean number of alleles. On average, 25 new alleles were found in two rychtal pine seed tree stands as compared to the set of alleles found in the group of old pine trees. However, all alleles defined for old pines were also present in the gene pool of younger rychtal pine forest stands. The differences in the gene pool richness result most likely from quite high differences in the number of individuals analyzed from each population. In conclusion, our results indicate the common origin of the studied Scots pine populations.
15
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Struktura klonalna wiązu polnego (Ulmus minor Mill.) w Polsce

61%
Chudzinska M., Litkowiec M., Palucka M., Paslawska A., Lewandowski A., Koziol C.
Sylwan
|
2019
|
tom 163
|
nr 10
Field elm (Ulmus minor Mill.) is distributed mainly across central and southern Europe. In Poland this species occurs in the lowlands and foothills, where it grows mainly in the floodplain forests along the rivers. U. minor exists in a variety of climatic and ecological conditions. It is capable to tolerate floods as well as drought. Currently, most populations of U. minor are small and fragmented resulting from human activity and Dutch elm disease. Moreover, in the natural field elm populations, vegetative propagation by root suckers or sprouting can be observed. All these factors may affect the level of genetic variation of U. minor populations in Poland. In the present study, we determined the level of genetic variation and the clonal diversity of twelve natural U. minor populations in Poland (407 individuals) using eight nuclear microsatellite loci. The obtained results indicate that the studied field elm populations are characterized by low level of genetic variation (He=0.382; Ho=0.555; A=7.0). Additionally, the high level of clonality in field elm populations was estimated. The clonality level of examined elm populations varied among them, and in some cases was very high. Out of the 407 individuals analysed for clonal structure only 61 multilocus genotypes were identified. Furthermore, only one genotype was identified in the three study populations of field elm, which means that in each of these populations all trees belong to one genet. The values of genotypic richness (R) were heterogeneous among populations, with mean 0.148. The knowledge on the genetic diversity and the clonal structure of U. minor populations is essential to make future decisions regarding conservation of genetic resources of this species in Poland.
16
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Wyniki wstępnych badań nad zmiennością genetyczną oraz zróżnicowaniem genetycznym między populacjami wiązu górskiego (Ulmus glabra Huds.) w Polsce

61%
Chudzinska M., Palucka M., Paslawska A., Litkowiec M., Lewandowski A., Koziol C.
Sylwan
|
2018
|
tom 162
|
nr 09
Wych elm (Ulmus glabra Huds.) is a rare scattered forest tree species in Poland. First studies on genetic diversity of the species in its natural range in Poland give a good basis for the management and conservation of its genetic resources. In the present study, we determined the level of genetic variation and genetic differentiation of seventeen natural Wych elm populations in Poland using nine nuclear microsatellite loci. The number of analyzed individuals was 601. The level of genetic diversity of Polish populations of Wych elm corresponded with the results of the previous studies on this species in Europe. The populations show quite low level of genetic diversity of the species on the population level and quite high diversity on the interpopulation level. A total of 119 alleles was found, with average number per locus (A) equal 6.0 and allelic richness at medium high level (AR10=4.7). Observed (Ho) and expected (He) heterozygosity reached 0.583 and 0.602 respectively. The genetic differentiation between Polish populations of Wych elm occurred at a low level (Fst=0.089). Inbreeding depression may occur in the next generations (Fis=0.031). Genetic diversity between Wych elm populations in Poland may be the result of unfavorable random processes related to the reduction of population size resulting from elm disease. To better understand the processes related to the genetic diversity of Wych elm populations, research on field elm variation should be undertaken. Such studies may give an answer to the potential influence of introgression between these species on the genetic structure of the Wych elm. Both in situ as well as ex situ conservation measures are highly recommended to preserve genetic resources of this valuable noble hardwood species in Polish landscape.
17

Wyniki wstępnych badań nad zmiennością genetyczną oraz zróźnicowaniem genetycznym pomiędzy populacjami wiązu górskiego ( Ulmus glabra Huds.) w Polsce

61%
Paslawska A., Chudzinska M., Palucka M., Koziol C., Litkowiec M., Lewandowski A.
Biuletyn Instytutu Hodowli i Aklimatyzacji Roślin
|
2018
|
nr 283
18
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Changes in the gene pool composition of Scots pine depending on the mode of regeneration

61%
Zukowska W. B., Lewandowski A., Wojkowicz B., Litkowiec M., Rozkowski R., Urbaniak L., Kowalczyk J.
Dendrobiology
|
2023
|
tom 89
19

Możliwość gromadzenia leśnych zasobów genowych w warunkach ex situ

51%
Chmielarz P., Suszka J., Bujarska-Borkowska B., Lewandowski A., Wawrzyniak M., Kotlarski S., Hazubska-Przybyl T., Litkowiec M., Plitta-Michalak B., Michalak M.
Biuletyn Instytutu Hodowli i Aklimatyzacji Roślin
|
2018
|
nr 283
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