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Results of some studies conducted in the Department of Horse Breeding and Use, published in the recent five years in highly valued international journals, are presented. The studies on horse hooves showed the width of the hoof to be the most appropriate index of the absolute hoof size. As a relative measure of the size, the percentage proportion of the hoof width to the horse chest circumference was suggested. Digital image analysis of 2750 free jumps of young stallions enabled to determine the desired traits of the jump and to suggest the index of the jump. A study performed at the Three Day- Events (cross-country) indicated that the scores could be partly associated with the horse vision system different than the human one. The level of cortisol In saliva was subjected to examine the stress In the horse. The results inferred that samples taken during a short-term effort did not illustrate the actual reaction to the stress. The studies conducted on initial training of Purebred Arabian horses showed that the natural method caused less increase of the heart rate than the traditional training and the response was particularly differentiated in the case of colts.
The aim of the study was to define the influence of the selected factors (gender, age, transportation time, riding distance and air temperature during the ride) on the cortisol secretion and finding a correlation between the hormone level and the horses’ sport results (veterinary parameters and the ride route parameters). The research was performed on 38 Arabian pure breed horses taking part in the endurance rides. The cortisol level was measured with enzyme-immunological method in saliva samples, taken four times from each horse. In order to verify the differences between the mean results the repeated measures design was applied. The significance of the differences between the mean values was determined by the Tukey test. To evaluate the interrelations between the analysed attributes Pearson’s correlation analysis was applied. The cortisol level at rest was not affected by any of the analysed factors. In case of other results, the most significant influence (P ≤ 0.05) was related to the gender, as well as the ride distance and air temperature during the ride. Higher cortisol level was noted in mares, horses running the longest distances and at the highest temperatures. A significant increase in the cortisol level was noted when the ride distance was longer. There were no clear correlation between the adrenal cortex activity and the veterinary parameters at different riding speed. High cortisol concentration can negatively affect the heart rate (HR) by increasing it, but it can simultaneously stimulate the body to fight dehydration.
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