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Badano zdolność szczepów macierzystych T. harzianum F84, F85, F86 i ich mutantów wyselek-cjonowanych w kierunku odporności na benomyl, do produkcji metabolitów o właściwościach przeciwgrzybowych w stosunku do fitopatogenów Fusarium culmorum, F. oxysporum, Rhizoctonia solani oraz Sclerotinia sclerotiorum w warunkach in vitro. Aktywność przeciwgrzybowa metaboli¬tów ekstrahowanych do fazy organicznej octanu etylu z płynnych hodowli na podłożu Czapek Dox Broth badanych szczepów macierzystych T. harzianum i ich mutantów była w znacznym stopniu zróżnicowana. Najmniej wrażliwy na badane metabolity był szczep F. oxysporum. Wyraźne ograni-czenie wzrostu F. oxysporum obserwowano jedynie przez metabolity szczepów macierzystych F84 i F86 oraz ich mutanty F84-284 i F86-273, stopień zahamowania wynosił od 51 do 57%. Spośród testowanych patogenów Rh. solani był najbardziej wrażliwy na metabolity badanych szczepów. Ekstrakty z hodowli szczepów macierzystych hamowały jego wzrost w zakresie od 91 do 99%, a ich mutanty w zakresie 86 do 100%. Większość mutantów indukowanych promieniami UV od¬pornych na benomyl cechowała ograniczona zdolność do biosyntezy metabolitów przeciwgrzy- bowych. Największą zdolność do produkcji metabolitów aktywnych w stosunku do testowanych fitopatogenów wykazywały szczepy macierzyste T. harzianum F84 i F86 oraz odporne na benomyl szczepy F84-281 i F86-273.
Ca²⁺ level-induced changes in the arrangement of cytoskeleton of cultured keratinocytes were estimated immunocytochemically, by evaluating expression of specific cytokeratins, desmoplakin and tubulin. Keratinocytes were isolated from fragments of skin of dead human foetuses. Culture of epidermal cells was performed in two phases: phase I yielded cells of high proliferation abilities in serumfree Keratinocyte SFM of low Ca²⁺ level (0.03 mM); in phase II differentiated cells were obtained in Dulbecco medium of a high Ca²⁺ concentration (1.2 mM). Immunocytochemical evaluation of phase I and II cells revealed an array of differences which involved mainly expression and distribution of specific cytokeratins, distribution of tubulin, testifying to a different microtubule arrangement and distribution of desmoplakin and indicating a tendency to form desmosomes. The changes were induced by the changes in Ca²⁺ level in the culture medium.
Experience over several years has indicated that chemotherapy, even if widely used, does not always remain effective in the therapy of lung tumours and, in addition, is linked to serious side effects. In parallel, some plant polyphenols are known to exert a proapoptotic action on tumour cells while, in contrast, representing anti-cancerogenic anti-oxidants in living organisms. Our studies were aimed at comparing the effects of a polyphenol, quercetin, and cisplatin on cells of various types of lung cancer in in vitro conditions. In these studies we also attempted to define the relationship between the dose and the duration of the activity of the compounds. Cisplatin alone was found to induce only a small reaction in the cells, while in combination with quercetin its anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects were amplified, depending upon the type of tumour, the dose and the duration of the drug’s action.
The effects were examined of selected extracellular medium (ECM) components on the proliferation of medullary thyroid carcinoma cells and on the production of calcitonin and CGRP. Human TT cells and rat rMTC cells were cultured for 24, 48 and 72 hours on glass coated with type I collagen, fibronectin or poly-D-lysine. More pronounced proliferation was demonstrated by TT cells grown on poly-Dlysine or collagen in comparison with the control and less pronounced proliferation was typical of cells grown on fibronectin. On the other hand, rMTC cells were more markedly manifest on any ECM substrates than that on glass. Alterations in the proliferation were paralleled by changes in the expression of CT and CGRP.
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a well-known method for the treatment of malignant tumors, and its principles have been well established over the past 30 years. This therapy involves the application of a chemical called a photosensitizer and its subsequent excitation with light at the appropriate wavelength and energy. Topical photodynamic therapy with aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) is an alternative therapy for many malignant processes, including nonmelanoma skin cancers such as basal-cell carcinoma (BCC). Our novel approach for this study was to use a liposomal formulation of 5-ALA and its methyl ester (commercially available as metvix) both in vitro and in vivo, and to check whether the liposome-entrapped precursors of photosensitizers can induce the expression of metalloproteinases (MMPs) in animal tumor cells and in other tissues from tumor-bearing rats and in selected cell lines in vitro. We also checked whether the application of tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases (TIMPs) has any effect on MMPs in the above-mentioned experimental models, and if they can cause complete inhibition of MMP expression. Immunohistochemical studies revealed that after the PDT, the intensity of expression of MMPs in healthy animals was very low and seen in single cells only. After the PDT in tumor-bearing rats, MMP-3 was expressed in the tumor cells with the highest intensity of staining in the tissues directly adjacent to the tumors, while MMP-2 and -9 were not found. In the control groups, there was no observed expression of MMPs. In vitro studies showed that MMP-3 was expressed in MCF-7 cells after PDT, but MMP-9 was not observed and MMP-2 was only seen in single cases. Our studies confirmed that the application of an MMP-3 inhibitor may block an induction of MMP-3 expression which had previously been initiated by PDT. The preliminary data obtained from cancer patients revealed that new precursors are effective in terms of PDT, and that using MMP inhibitors should be considered as a potential enhancing factor in clinical PDT.
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