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Phenolic compounds form one of the main classes of secondary metabolites. They display a large range of structures and are responsible for the major organoleptic characteristics of plant-derived foods and beverages, particularly color and taste properties. They also contribute to the nutritional qualities of fruits and vegetables. Among these compounds, flavonoids constitute one of the most prevailing groups among plant phenolics. Owing to their importance in food organoleptic properties and human health, a better understanding of their structures and biological activities indicates their potentials as therapeutic agents and also for predicting and controlling food quality. Due to the variety of pharmacological activities in the mammalian body, flavonoids are more correctly referred as “nutraceuticals”.
Roses are one of the most important cut flowers which are available in more color and sizes throughout the year. Senescence is a programmed event responding to external (environmental) and internal (developmental) signals; it requires de novo gene expression and protein synthesis, and is controlled in a highly coordinated manner. In order to know about molecular mechanisms and complex nets involved in aging regulating pathways, a cDNA-amplified fragment length polymorphism (cDNA-AFLP) analysis was performed to identify and isolate senescence-associated genes (SAGs) in rose petals of two cultivars ‘Black magic’ and ‘Marroussia’ with different longevities. The transcription profiles of plants at different developmental stages (flowering and senescent) were compared. About 1,600 cDNA fragments, ranging in size from 250 to 1,200 bp, were reproducibly detected. This allowed the identification of 22 differentially expressed cDNAs corresponding to genes belonging to different functional categories related to senescence, signal transduction pathway, carbohydrate metabolism, energy and other catabolic events such as protein, lipid and cell wall degradation. SAGs-encoded proteins are likely to participate in response to the two isolated fragments; RhCG (Rosa hybrida CG) and RhAA (Rosa hybrida AA) are more similar to putative protein associated to the senescence of Pisum sativum and Picea abies, respectively. There was no information for two fragments in the database. Reverse Northern blot demonstrated the credibility of the result of cDNA-AFLP. Study of expression pattern of the fragments showed an increase of expression level in almost all of them.
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