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Metody hodnoceni estetiky krajiny

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Landscape beauty is considered to be one of the natural resources (like climatic, water, mineral and other resources) which essentially affects the man’s activity, particulary in developing tourism, in regional planning etc. The landscape beauty or, in other words, the beauty of regional scenery problems are not new. The methods, on the other hand, with the aid of which evaluation is made, are novel. By these methods evaluation is made in the form of quantitative indicators and its diversity on a specific area is shown on maps. The evaluation methods for the landscape beauty evaluation haver aroused interest recently in a number of countries, and in their development specialist of various fields are involved, such as geographers, regional planning engineers, architects, forestry engineers, as well as authorities in esthetics, psychology, and others. The problems involved are in fact interdisciplinary which have not, as yet an adequate theoretical background. The landscape beauty evaluation methods were the target of the extraordinary symposium of the British Geographers Institute in 1975, and it is these problems that are dealt with in the abundant English-language literature from Great Britain and the United States. The paper communicates on how these problems are being approached in Czechoslovakia, where two different methods have been developed for landscape beauty evaluation for the regional planning use (cf. References, S. Muransky 1974, E. Caha 1975). A common trait of both the Czechoslovak and foreign methods is the assumption that one strats from evaluation of the natural components of the area under study, which are believed as fundamental and determined. Next, the man’s activity toward the region and the esthetic influence of the region’s scenery (landscape) on man is estimated. Until now, however, no success has been gained in making the evaluation, which is carried out in different sites or various countries, objective and comparable. The author of this paper attempts to suggest a uniform evolution to the problems advanced, which are a comparability criterion for such an evaluation.
Powstawanie gazu wysypiskowego to zjawisko towarzyszące składowiskom odpadów przeznaczonym do składania większej ilości biologicznie rozkładalnego odpadu (BRO). Techniki obliczeniowe do określenia produkcji gazu wysypiskowego są bardzo skomplikowane i trudno uzyskać dostatecznie dokładne dane początkowe. Z tego powodu autorzy spróbowali porównać bilans ilości składanych odpadów oraz zmierzone stężenie metanu.
The aim of the study was to assess the quality of pastures located in less-favoured areas (LFA) of Czech Republic, to evaluate the influence of that quality on the content of fatty acids of milk in grazing goats and in farm natural cheese made of their milk. Samples of forage were collected in 2008 and 2009, on 5 July, 9 August, 6 September and 4 October. Goat milk samples were taken on the same days of both years and additionally on May 31. The highest content of protein and fat of the forage dry matter and, consequently, the highest feeding value of pasture were found in July and October. It was associated with a high content of clovers and herbs in the available herbage. During grazing the content of saturated fatty acids (SFA) of goat milk fat continuously decreased while the trend for the content of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) was opposite. A significant increase in herb of the total crop observed in autumn contributed to a highest content of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in fat of goat milk. The fatty acid profile of goat cheese was related to that of the milk. Thus, a high content of PUFA, including CLA, observed in milk of grazing goats guarantees that the cheese made of that milk fulfills the requirements for functional foods.
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