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Evaluation of some herbicides against flax dodder (Cuscuta epilinum Weihe) in fibre flax (Linum ustatissimum L.) cultivation

100%
Soliman I. E., Hamza A. M.
Journal of Plant Protection Research
|
2010
|
tom 50
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nr 3
Two field experiments were carried out in Sakha Experimental Station during two seasons to evaluate the efficacy of different treatments (hand combing, butralin,tribenuron-methyl, metosulam and fluazifop-p-butyl) in controlling dodder weed(Cuscuta epilinum Weihe) in Fibre flax. Moreover, the effect of these treatments on some growth characters of flax yield and its components was also determined. All tested herbicide treatments decreased the dodder infestation in flax for up to 49 days. All tested herbicide treatments increased all flax growth characters, (straw yield and seed yield). Butralin herbicide gave the best control of dodder, followed by metosulam,tribenuron-methyl and fluazifop-p-butyl. Also, the data revealed that most herbicidal treatments slightly decreased protein content of flax plants and did not adversely affect the oil content of its seeds. This study suggests that,under heavy infestation of dodder weed,the use of the tested herbicides, especially butralin, is highly recommended.
2
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Echinochloa colonum resistance to bispyribac-soduim in Egypt - occurrence and identification

80%
El-Nady M. F., Hamza A. M., Derbalah A. S.
Journal of Plant Protection Research
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2012
|
tom 52
|
nr 1
Identification and mechanism of Echinochloa colonum (L.) resistance to bispyribac-soduim via physiological and anatomical differences between susceptible and resistant biotypes was investigated. The physiological and anatomical differences that were take into account were growth reduction, chlorophyll content reduction, protein analysis, lamina thickness and xylem vessel diameter in both susceptible and resistant biotypes of E. colonum. The results showed the growth reduction fifty (GR50) of resistant biotype was 10.2 times higher than that of the susceptible biotype E. colonum treated with bispyribac-soduim. The chlorophyll content was highly reduced in the susceptible biotype relative to the resistant one of E. colonum treated with bispyribac-soduim. An anatomical test showed significant differences in the cytology of susceptible and resistant biotypes of E. colonum treated with bispyribac-soduim with respect to lamina thickness and xylem vessel diameter. Furthermore, leaf protein analysis showed significant differences between the susceptible and resistant biotypes of E. colonum in the number and the density of protein bands. The resistance of E. colonum to bispyribac-soduim may be due to the faster metabolism of bispyribac-soduim below the physiologically active concentration or the insensitivity of its target enzyme, (acetolactate synthase). These results implied the occurrence of E. colonum resistance to bispyribac-soduim in Egypt and provide conclusive evidence that a single resistance mechanism alone cannot explain insensitivity in E. colonum to bispyribac-soduim.
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