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This paper presents results of pesticide residues research in berry fruits and fruit juices from the north-eastern Poland in 2005–2009. During five-year testing totally 460 samples of fruit and fruit juices were analysed (mainly raspberries, strawberries and currants). 48.7% (224) samples contained pesticide residues below maximum residue levels 38.0% (175) and above MRLs 10.7% (49). 140 active substances were searched and 32 were found, which generally constituted fungicides (dithiocarbamates, procymidone, flusiazole) and less insecticides (fenitrothion, fenazaquin, chloryrifos). Samples with forbidden plant protection products were also determined like tolylfluanid (F) in strawberries and endosulfan (I) in currants. In 25% samples more than one residue were found (from two to seven residues).
Phenoxyacetic acid herbicides is a group very similar in chemical structure to compounds widely used in plant protection products applicable to weed control in cereals, grass seed, corn, and also used for late treatment in cereals. This paper describes a liquid chromatographic method for determining phenoxyacetic acid herbicides in plant material, soil and water. The method for determining residues of phenoxyacetic acid herbicides allows their determination at low concentrations while retaining excellent statistical parameters.
This paper presents results of official control of pesticide residues conducted in the samples from the north‐eastern Poland. In total 117 samples were tested in the year 2012 (62.4% vegetables, 26.5% fruit and 11.1% cereals grain). Among 167 pesticides, 11 active substances were detected, mainly fungicides (91.9% of detection). Pesticide residues most often were detected in samples of fruit (32.3%), especially in strawberries (25.8%). 18.8% (22) samples contained pesticide residues below maximum residue levels (MRLs). MRLs exceedances were not found.
Fungicides are chemicals designed against fungi that are widely used in protection of fruits all over the world, for better quality and safety. These chemicals have been intensively used to protect Polish fruits for many years. The objective of this paper was to evaluate the fungicide residues monitored by chromatography and spectrophotometry in fruits in 2005-14 and health risk assessment. Fruits (974 samples) were analyzed for the presence of over 70 fungicides. Currants (68.5% of samples), apples (63.3%), and cherries (54.6%) were the fruits with residues found most frequently. Dithiocarbamates (27.4%) and captan (26.3%) were the most often detected. The highest concentrations were noted for boscalid and captan, ranging from 2.83 mg/kg (cherry) to 3.31 mg/kg (currant). The risk assessments involving hazards for human health were performed because of fungicide toxicity. The results of this investigation show how important it is to control fungicide residues in fruit, which require frequent chemical treatment for fungal diseases, to guarantee food quality and safety.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the multiresidue method for the determination of 160 pesticides residues in leaves based on matrix solid phase dispersion (MSPD) in terms of type of sample weight, sorbent and extracting solvent. The optimum parameters were 2 g of a sample with 4 g of florisil as a sorbent. The pesticides were extracted using two solvent mixtures: hexane/acetone (8:2, v/v) and ethyl ether/acetone (8:2, v/v). Pesticides were analysed by gas chromatography (GC) with dual detection system: electron capture (EC) and nitrogen-phosphorus (NP). The average recoveries for most compounds were in the range 70.0−119.8% and the relative standard deviations (RSDs) were equal or lower than 18.2%. The method allowed the determination of very low concentration levels (0.01 mg/kg) and has been applied to routine analysis, especially monitoring organic crops.
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