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1

Dotyk a ruch: rola mechanoreceptorów skórnych w zachowaniu ruchowym

100%
Czarkowska-Bauch J.
Kosmos
|
1990
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tom 39
|
nr 4
2

Variety of muscle responses to tactile stimuli

100%
Czarkowska-Bauch J.
Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis
|
1995
|
tom 55
|
nr 5
3

Various strategies of forelimb movement during contact placing reactions elicited by tactile stimulation of the different aspects of a cat's paw

100%
Czarkowska-Bauch J.
Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis
|
1996
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tom 56
|
nr 4
4

Variety of muscle responses to tactile stimuli

100%
Czarkowska-Bauch J.
Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis
|
1996
|
tom 56
|
nr 1
5

Activity of elbow flexor and extensor muscles during contact placing reaction in the cat

63%
Czarkowska-Bauch J., Bem T.
Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis
|
1988
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tom 48
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nr 1
6

Stability of monosynaptic Hoffmann-reflex in frelly moving rats

63%
Czarkowska-Bauch J., Sokolowska B.
Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis
|
1992
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tom 52
|
nr 3
7

Co dzieje się na peryferiach synapsy?

51%
Ziemlinska E., Czarkowska-Bauch J., Skup M.
Postępy Biologii Komórki
|
2014
|
tom 41
|
nr 2
8

Activity of the elbow flexor and extensor muscles during placing reactions to tactile stimulation of various aspects of the paw

51%
Czarkowska-Bauch J., Bem T., Majczynski J.
Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis
|
1992
|
tom 52
|
nr 3
9

Locomotor training of spinal rats decreases abundance of GlyR-anchoring gephyrin in the ancle extensor and flexor motoneurons mildly reducing perineuronal nets encapsulating them

51%
Skup M., Glowacka A., Gajewska-Wozniak O., Czarkowska-Bauch J.
Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis
|
2015
|
tom 75
|
nr Supl.
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Complete spinal cord transection (SCT) causes reorganization of spinal networks involving changes ofsynaptic terminals abutting on α-motoneurons(MNs).We showed that SCT impoverishes excitatory cholinergic input to ankle extensor but not to flexor MNs and locomotor training leads to its enrichment on both MNs groups (Skup et al. 2012). The opposite effect of training after SCT was found on inhibitory glycinergic (Gly) inputs to MNs. To disclose the impact of SCT and training on postsynaptic components of Gly transmission and on MNs perineuronal nets (PNN), which are inhibitory to synaptic plasticity, and to verify if they respond differently in ankle extensor and flexor MNs. METHODS: GlyR and gephyrin (Geph) were detected immunohistochemically and PNN were visualized with Wisteria floribunda agglutinin (WFA) on sections of L3–6 spinal segments in adult rats 5 weeks after SCT (Th9–10) and after 4 weeks of treadmill training of spinal rats. Extensor and flexor MNs were identified with Diamidine Yellow and Fast Blue respectively, injected intramuscularly. Images acquired in confocal microscope were deconvolved and analyzed with Image-Pro Plus Software. WFA and Geph were quantified in a 3 µm rim around MNs. RESULTS: When all groups of motoneurons were analyzed, no effect of SCT on GlyR and Geph MNs membrane occupancy was detected, but the training decreased GlyR (P<0.05) and Geph (P<0.01) membrane expression to approximately 50% of control. Extensor but not flexor MNs tended to respond to SCT with Geph increase by 22% whereas training decreased it in both to 75%. PNN staining intensity increased after SCT by 75% in extensor and by 44% in flexor MNs (P<0.02) and the training tended to decrease it. CONCLUSIONS: Locomotor training after CST may facilitate reorganization of MN inputs by reducing PNN-encapsulation of MNs and alter MN properties by decreased glycinergic signaling. Supported by grants: NCN 2013/09/B/NZ4/03306, statutory for the Nencki Institute.
10

Jerzy Chorobski (1902-1986) - the founder of Polish neurosurgery

51%
Platek R., Czarkowska-Bauch J., Skup M.
Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis
|
2009
|
tom 69
|
nr 3
Jerzy Choróbski, a distinguished neurosurgeon, who established Polish modern neurosurgery, graduated in medicine from the Jagiellonian University in 1926 and developed his career in European and American clinics. In 1920s he studied in Paris and mastered his talent among the elite European neurologists, neurosurgeons and psychiatrists of those days (Bidziński 2008). In 1930s, as a grantee of M. Ottman and Rockefeller Foundations, Choróbski specialized in neurosurgery under supervision of Prof. Penfi eld in Montreal. Many of his scientifi c relations outlasted the time of World War II and resulted in visits of leading neurosurgeons in Poland. Under diffi cult facility circumstances, on 6 November 1935 Choróbski opened a 15-bed Neurosurgery Ward at the Department of Neurological Diseases of the Warsaw University. He considered that date as the beginning of Polish modern neurosurgery. Choróbski broaden the spectrum of neurosurgeries being performed so far and many were conducted in Poland for the fi rst time. In addition to brain, cerebellar or spinal cord tumors, he developed surgical treatment of sympathetic system diseases, which couldn’t be cured pharmacologically at that time. Together with progress of diagnostic techniques, Choróbski introduced surgical treatment of epilepsy based on Penfi eld school approach and developed therapy of brain vascular diseases. This talented neurosurgeon established also surgical treatment of involuntary movements (Choróbski 1961, 1962).
11

Enrichment in glutamatergic and cholinergic boutons of ankle extensor alpha-moto neurons after low-threshold stimulation of propriceptive fibres in the adult rat

51%
Gajewska-Wozniak O., Skup M., Czarkowska-Bauch J.
Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis
|
2015
|
tom 75
|
nr Supl.
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The effects of low-threshold stimulation of muscle afferents (Ia) on glutamatergic and cholinergic innervation of α-motoneurons (Mns) were tested. Two types of synaptic terminals were analyzed: (1) glutamatergic Ia carrying VGLUT1, contacting monosynaptically Mns; (2) cholinergic C-terminals, carrying VAChT, originating from V0c-interneurons of lamina X, which might receive indirect input from sensory afferents of unknown origin. Our aim wasto clarify whether enhancement of proprioceptive input to ankle extensor Mns, via direct electrical stimulation of Ia afferents in the tibial nerve of awake rats, will affect excitatory innervation of lateral gastrocnemius (LG) Mns. METHODS: LG Mns were identified with True Blue (TB) tracer injected intramuscularly. Tibial nerve was stimulated for 7 days with bursts of 3 pulses (pulse width 200 µs, 4 ms of inter-pulse interval, 25 ms inter-burst interval) in four 20 min sessions daily. The Hoffmann reflex recorded from the soleus muscle, LG synergist, allowed controlling low-threshold stimulation. Proprioceptive Ia glutamatergic and cholinergic C-terminals abutting TB-labeled Mns were detected immunohistochemically on transverse spinalsections, using input-specific anti- VGLUT1 and anti-VAChT antibodies. RESULTS: Confocal analysis revealed that the number of both VGLUT1 and VAChT immunoreactive terminals, contacting the soma and proximal dendrites of LG Mns, increased after stimulation by about 35% and 20%, respectively, comparing to sham-stimulated side (P<0.03, Wilcoxon test). CONCLUSIONS: One week of repetitive low-threshold stimulation of proprioceptive fibers in the tibial nerve enriched glutamatergic and cholinergic innervation of LG Mns indicating that this method might be useful for enhancing an activity of selected group of Mns which are the most vulnerable to the spinal cord injuries (Skup et al. 2012, EJN 36: 2679). Supported by grants: NCN 2013/09/B/NZ4/03306, statutory for the Nencki Institute.
12

Intraspinal injection of AAV5_eGFP or AAV5_L1: extent of transduction and influence on regrowth of CST axons in adult rats after spinal cord transection

51%
Platek R., Korczynski J., Czarkowska-Bauch J., Skup M.
Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis
|
2011
|
tom 71
|
nr S
Among approaches targeting restoration of function after spinal cord injury a promising one is to use L1 cell adhesion molecule, known to promote axon outgrowth, fasciculation, guidance and myelination in regeneration. L1 is upregulated after injury, manifesting requirements of the impaired networks for successful repair. Previously, our strategy to overexpress L1 gene in the lesion site was found to support reinnervation of the lumbar spinal cord after thoracic spinal cord compression in mice. Here we verified whether L1 overexpression induced caudal to complete spinal transection, may still have an impact on rostral segments affecting a regrowth of corticospinal tract (CST). AAV5 vector encoding eGFP or L1 protein under mCMV promoter was injected bilaterally into spinal L1 segment 30min after spinal cord transection at Th10/11. To label CST, rats were injected with anterograde tracer DiI to sensorimotor cortex, 1 week after spinalization. Effectiveness of transduction with AAV5 vector was evaluated based on distribution of eGFP protein at 7, 14 and 35 days. To evaluate CST regrowth, distances between lesion rostral border and tips of regrowing/sprouting single CST axons as well as the majority of axons were measured. eGFP expression occured throughout entire dorsoventral axis, in spinal gray and white matter, already 7 days postlesion and maintained up to 35. eGFP (+) fibers were traversing all segments caudally to lesion, some closing near its border but none seen in the lesion. It indicated that L1 transgene may be long-term available within segments below transection. CST tracing in AAV5_L1 revealed that in 3 out of 5 rats majority of CST axons reached the lesion border, whereas in AAV5_eGFP group only 1 out of 6 rats showed similar contact. In conclusion, AAV5_L1 overexpressed in segments caudal to complete transection may affect cellular milieu in transection proximity which results in better CST regrowth. Support: S007/Polish-German/2007/01 grant.
13

Confocal visualization of the effect of short-term locomotor exercise on BDNF and TrkB distribution in the lumbar spinal cord of the rat: The enhancement of BDNF in dendrites?

51%
Macias M., Dwornik A., Skup M., Czarkowska-Bauch J.
Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis
|
2005
|
tom 65
|
nr 2
14

Activity of the elbow flexor and extensor muscles during contact placing elicited by tactile stimulation of various aspects of the forelimb in the cat

51%
Czarkowska-Bauch J., Bem T., Majczynski H.
Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis
|
1993
|
tom 53
|
nr 1
15

The effect of high-frequency, low-threshold electrical stimulation of peripheral nerves on the pool of neurotrophin 3 in the lumbar spinal cord and soleus muscle of the rat

45%
Gajewska O., Piasecka J., Kasicki S., Skup M., Czarkowska-Bauch J.
Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis
|
2011
|
tom 71
|
nr S
Locomotor exercise, sufficient to increase expression of brainderived neurotrophic factor and neurotrophin 4 in the lumbar spinal cord, does not affect protein level of neurotrophin 3 (NT-3), as we have shown previously. The effect of 7 days of direct, lowfrequency electrical stimulation of the tibial nerve on expression of NT-3 was also negligible although this stimulation was addressed to low-threshold muscle afferents expressing the NT-3 and its high-affinity receptor trkC. To verify whether upregulation of NT-3 requires stronger stimulation, we maximized efficiency of electrical stimulation. Hoffmann reflex, recorded from the soleus muscle, allowed controlling low-threshold stimulation delivered by cuff electrode implanted over the tibial nerve. Electrodes were implanted bilaterally. The nerve was stimulated unilaterally for 7 days, starting 3 weeks after surgery. The contralateral limb served as a control. Series of 3 rectangular pulses of 200 µs duration and 4 ms inter-pulse intervals were applied every 25 ms in four 20 min sessions daily. NT-3 was evaluated in supernates of homogenates from L1 – L2 and L3 – L6 segments of the spinal cord and in the soleus muscles with ELISA. In intact rats (n=4) NT-3 concentration amounted to 225 pg/mg of protein in the soleus muscle and about 60 pg/mg in lumbar segments of the spinal cord. NT-3 increased by 77% in the soleus muscle on stimulated and by 18% on non-stimulated side, comparing to intact rats. In L3 – L6 segments of the spinal cord the NT-3 was raised by 35% and 15 % on stimulated and non-stimulated side, respectively. In L1 – L2 segments there was bilateral increase of NT-3 by about 30%. We show that high-frequency low-threshold stimulation of the tibial nerve, by means of chronically implanted cuff electrodes, is capable to activate NT-3 protein both in the soleus muscle and in the caudal lumbar spinal cord indicating that also NT-3 expression is regulated in activity-dependent manner. Supported by MSE grant N N401 0480 33.
16

Unilateral photothrombotic stroke in the frontal cerebral cortex causes biiateral impairment of skilled movements of the rat forelimb

45%
Sulejczak D., Skup M., Stzralkowski R., Macias M., Czarkowska-Bauch J.
Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis
|
2005
|
tom 65
|
nr 3
17

Spinal BDNF overexpression leads to opposite effects on glutamatergic ampar and NMDAR than on muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2 transcript level in rats with complete spinal cord transection

45%
Ji B., Glowacka A., Gajewska-Wozniak O., Czarkowska-Bauch J., Skup M.
Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis
|
2017
|
tom 77
|
nr Suppl.1
INTRODUCTION: Complete spinal cord transection (SCT) disturbs the balance between inhibitory and excitatory inputs to motoneurons increasing their excitability. However SCT causes deficiency in excitatory cholinergic input to ankle extensor motoneurons, whereas brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) overexpression below the lesion site increases markers of spinal neurotransmission and improves locomotor performance. Because glutamatergic receptors (AMPAR, NMDAR) and muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2 play a crucial role in motoneuron excitability, we investigated if SCT and BDNF affect their expression. AIM(S): To disclose the impact of SCT and BDNF overexpression on levels of AMPAR, NMDAR and M2 mRNA transcripts 2 weeks after SCT. METHOD(S): Total RNA was isolated from L1-2 and L3-6 spinal fragments after SCT followed by intraspinal injection of PBS (n=6) or AAV-BDNF (n=7). After cDNA transcription, AMPAR (subunits GluR1, GluR2), NMDAR (subunits NR1, NR2A, NR2B), and M2 expression were measured using qRT PCR. RESULTS: In intact rats, GluR2 mRNA level was the highest, followed by NR2A/2B, while NR1 and M2 were the lowest. SCT tended to reduce levels of all mRNA transcripts, except for NR1 which tended to increase in L3-6. BDNF overexpression resulted in a significant increase of NR1 and tendency to increase of NR2A in both spinal fragments, while it led to a significant decrease of M2 in L1-2. CONCLUSIONS: BDNF overexpression slightly upregulated mRNA levels of NMDAR after SCT, not preventing deficits of M2. If M2 mRNA decrease is reflected by M2 protein levels in motoneurons, reduced contribution of M2 in modulation of motoneuron excitability may be postulated. FINANCIAL SUPPORT: 665735-Bio4Med-H2020-MSCA--COFUND-2014; National Science Centre 2013/09/B/ NZ4/03306, statutory for the Nencki Institute. This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska‑Curie grant agreement No 665735.
18

Spinal BDNF overexpression partially protects synaptic machinery of neuromuscular junction from disintegration after complete spinal cord transection in adult rats: Neurochemical and morphological changes evaluated by histochemical techniques

45%
Glowacka A., Gajewska-Wozniak O., Bernadzki K. M., Czarkowska-Bauch J., Skup M.
Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis
|
2017
|
tom 77
|
nr Suppl.1
INTRODUCTION: Complete spinal cord transection (SCT) leads to loss of motor control due to disruption of supraspinal tracts and altered functioning of both central and peripheral synapses. We showed that SCT at low thoracic segments causes deficiency in cholinergic input to ankle extensor (soleus) motoneurons, whereas brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) overexpression below the lesion site increases markers of spinal neurotransmission and improves locomotor performance. These findings raise the question if SCT impairs also integrity of peripheral synapses in soleus muscle and if BDNF can counteract lesion effects. AIM(S): To disclose the impact of SCT and BDNF overexpression on pre- (VAChT and S-100) and postsynaptic (nAChR) components of neuromuscular junction (NMJ) in soleus muscle. METHOD(S): VAChT and S-100 were detected immunohistochemically and acetylcholine receptors were visualized with fluorescently labeled bungarotoxin on free‑floating muscle fibers 2 weeks after SCT and intraspinal injection of PBS (n=6) or BDNF (n=7). Images acquired on Zeiss confocal microscope were deconvoluted with Huygens Professional and analyzed with 3D Imaris Software to evaluate NMJ morphology. RESULTS: SCT reduced the number of contacts of normal morphology to 39% which was accompanied by decrease in NMJs size. BDNF overexpression resulted in preservation of 73% of normal contacts, but did not prevent NMJ shrinkage. VAChT-labeled synaptic vesicles marking motoneuron terminals were visibly more dispersed after SCT than in controls. BDNF did not affect this dispersion. CONCLUSIONS: Spinal BDNF overexpression partially prevents NMJs from denervation, albeit does not counteract the reduced size of NMJ. It needs further investigation whether motor improvement is the effect of direct neuroprotective role of BDNF on NMJs or the result of altered signaling at central synapses. FINANCIAL SUPPORT: National Science Centre 2013/09/B/NZ4/03306, statutory for the Nencki Institute.
19

Early changes in gene expression of spinal perineuronal nets components in rats after complete spinal cord transection

45%
Grycz K., Gajewska-Wozniak O., Ji B., Czarkowska-Bauch J., Skup M.
Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis
|
2017
|
tom 77
|
nr Suppl.1
INTRODUCTION: Perineuronal nets (PNNs), which restrict axonal regeneration in the glial scar and limit synaptic plasticity, are composed of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) and Crtl1/Hapln1 link protein essential for PNN formation. Spinal cord transection (SCT) leads to changes of various CSPG proteins differently distributed between 2nd– 8th postlesion weeks. This raises the question if shortly after SCT when glial scar is formed, processes induced by tissue damage alter expression of genes coding for these proteins. AIM(S): To characterize gene expression levels of the selected CSPGs (brevican, neurocan, aggrecan, phosphacan), and of Crtl1/Hapln1 in the spinal cord of the intact rats and to quantify their changes at the second week after SCT at low-thoracic segments. METHOD(S): The CSPGs and Crtl1/Hapln1 gene transcripts were quantified in rats after complete SCT in fragments of the spinal cord: Th 9/10 (lesion site), its vicinity and in L1–L2. To quantify gene expression qRT-PCR was carried out and expression levels were presented relative to internal control gene (GAPDH) as the CT. RESULTS: In intact rats mRNA level of brevican was the highest among all tested CSPGs and Crtl1/Hapln1. Its level exceeded that of neurocan by 5-fold and the rest of CSPGs by at least 10‑fold. SCT caused significant, 4‑fold increase of neurocan and 5-fold decrease of Hapln1 transcripts in the lesion site, comparing to controls, and did not affect phosphacan and brevican transcripts. SCT caused weaker effects in L1–L2 segments where only neurocan and brevican transcripts significantly increased (by 160% and 30% respectively) whereas Crtl1/Hapln‑1 decreased by 40%. CONCLUSIONS: Increased transcript levels of neurocan in the lesion site indicate stimulation of its gene expression in astrocytes. A decrease in Crtl1/Hapln1 transcript may point to potential disturbances in postlesion PNN formation. FINANCIAL SUPPORT: NCN 2013/09/B/NZ4/03306, Preludium (K.G.) and Statutory for the Nencki Institute.
20

Enhancing proprioceptive input to motoneurons differentialy affects expression of neurotrophin 3, BDNF and TrkB/TrkC receptors in rat Hofman-reflex circuitry

45%
Gajewska-Wozniak O., Ziemlinska E., Piotrowska K., Skup M., Czarkowska-Bauch J.
Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis
|
2013
|
tom 73
|
nr Suppl.1
The importance of neurotrophin 3 (NT-3) for motor control prompted us to ask whether direct low-threshold electrical stimulation of the tibial nerve aimed at activation of Ia fibers, could increase the pool of NT-3 and its receptor TrkC in the Hoffmannreflex circuitry of the soleus (Sol) muscle. The effects were compared with those on BDNF and its TrkB receptor. Cuff-electrode over the tibial nerve was used to deliver continuous bursts of stimuli in awake rats. Functional mapping of neuronal activation with c-Fos showed that a number of spinal neurons was activated by Ia stimuli. Stimulation produced a strong increase of NT-3 protein (ELISA), in L3- 6 spinal segments and in Sol with minor effect on BDNF level in L3-6. Protein level of NT-3 and BDNF corresponded to the changes of NT-3 mRNA and BDNF mRNA expression in L3-6 segments but not in Sol muscle. TrkC and TrkB mRNA tended to decrease in L3-6 but in the Sol muscle TrkB mRNA decreased and TrkC mRNA strongly increased showing sensitization of the Sol muscle to NT-3 signaling. The possibility of increasing NT-3/TrkC signaling in the neuromuscular system, with minor effects on BDNF/TrkB signaling, by selective stimulation of peripheral nerve, which in humans might be applied in non-invasive way, offers an attractive therapeutic tool. Supported by N N 401 0480 33, BIOIMAGINE grants.
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