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Plasmogenes are largely located in mitochondria or plastids and they can infl uence the inheritance of many plant characteristics. This phenomenon is called cytoplasmic inheritance and can be detected on the basis of the expression of a trait in progeny F1 obtained from single and reciprocal crosses. The aim of this study was to examine the cytoplasmic inheritance of in vitro productivity of morphogenesis in three genotypes of Fragaria x ananassa Duch., i.e. the cultivars ‘Dukat’, ‘Teresa’ and the breeding clone no. 590. Single and reciprocal crosses were done according to Griffi ng’s method 3. The value of general combining ability (GCA) indicated cv. ‘Teresa’ as the best maternal component for crossing and ‘Dukat’ as the worst. The negative reciprocal cross effects (rij) revealed the cytoplasmic inheritance for cv. ‘Dukat’ as maternal form and positive rij for the breeding clone no. 590 indicated the nuclear inheritance of morphogenetic ability. Cv. ‘Teresa’, as maternal component, showed nuclear inheritance of that trait in crossing with cv. ‘Dukat’ and with 590 cytoplasmic inheritance. The productivity of morphogenesis in strawberry depended on the parental combination and the direction of crossing.
In principle, in vitro propagation results in uniform batches of plants, which grow, flower and fruit normally. However, phenotypic changes often observed in the field performance of tissue culture-produced strawberry plants might affect their agronomic value. So, it is of utmost importance to assess the field performance of in vitro propagated plants to verify their fidelity to conventional propagated plants. In this study, the agronomic value of the strawberry plants derived from cultivars ‘Filon’ and ‘Teresa’ via in vitro propagation and their first vegetative progeny was compared to conventional plants. During the field experiments, agronomic traits such as plant vigor, abundance of flowering and yield components were evaluated. The results showed the different field response of cultivars tested to in vitro propagation. In spite of the phenotypic changes observed in in vitro derived plants, their agronomic value was equal or superior in comparison with conventional plants. In conclusion, it should be stated that in vitro propagation method can be safely recommended for the reproduction of these strawberry cultivars.
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