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The effects of giving pigs dietary vegetable oils on oxidative stability, cholesterol level and oxysterol formation in their meat were studied. A total of 40 Polish Landrace pigs were randomly allocated to 4 groups with 5 gilts and 5 barrows per group and fattened from 50 to 105 kg body weight. Fat supplements represented the experimental factor: palm oil, linseed oil, rapeseed oil, and sunflower oil given at 3% of ration dry matter. A significantly higher MUFA level was found in the m. longissimus dorsi of pigs receiving dietary palm oil compared to the linseed oil-fed pigs (p<0.05). There was a highly significant narrowing in the n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio between the experimental groups (p<0.01). In addition, the level of DHA acid was significantly higher in gilts than in barrows (p<0.01). The use of dietary vegetable oils caused a significant decrease in the oxidative stability of meat, in particular after 180 days of frozen storage of meat (p<0.01). A highly significant interaction was found for TBARS between the fat supplement used and sex (p=0.003). There were highly significant differences in vitamin E content of meat between the group receiving palm oil and the linseed oil-fed group (p<0.01). The type of oil had no significant effect on the total cholesterol content of meat. It was found that oxidized forms of cholesterol formed during storage. There were highly significant differences in the level of 7-ketocholesterol between the groups receiving palm oil and sunflower oil and the groups fed linseed oil and rapeseed oil (p<0.01). A similar, highly significant correlation was found between the level of total oxysterols and total cholesterol, with additional differences between the groups receiving linseed oil and rapeseed oil (p<0.01). Highly significant interactions, ranging from p=0.002 to p=0.08, were found between the level of oxysterols, and the source of fat and sex.
The present article is an attempt to summarize the biography and scientific achievements of outstanding Polish scientist, a veterinarian and cynologist, Professor Zygmunt Ewy (1913-1994). Professor Ewy was born and raised in Galicia, in a landowning family. From the beginning of his scientific work, the areas of his interests included the subject related the role of the nervous and endocrine systems in the lactation, the impact of endocrine system on reproductive functions in animals, as well as the study of hypothalamic-pituitary axis in birds. Professor showed the correlation between the iodine content in the water and its content in milk, and proved the existence of similar mechanism of iodine uptake in humans and animals. Professor Ewy was the author of over 150 scientific publications, several books and a member of numerous scientific societies. Thanks to its remarkable achievements. Professor Ewy became known as ‘the creator of the Polish school of animal endocrinology’.
A method for the simultaneous determination of vitamin A (all-trans-retinol) and vitamin E (α-tocopherol) in milk using the HPLC technique with UV detection (324 nm, vitamin A) and fluorescent detection (Ex295 nm/Em350 nm, vitamin E) was validated. A reverse phase LiChroCART™ 250-4 Superspher™ 100 RP-18 column was used for chromatographic separation. A mixture of methanol and H2O (96.5:3.5 v/v) was used as the eluent (1 mL/min). The analyses were performed after spectrophotometric standardization of standard ethanol solutions, and the results were corrected by recovery. The residual coefficients of variation for the regression equation y=ax were 4.7% (vitamin A) and 8.3% (vitamin E), with r2 > 0.998 (for both vitamins). The limit of quantitation was 0.02 μg/mL and 0.3 μg/mL, repeatability and reproducibility 14% and 12.5%, and uncertainty of the method 20.7% and 18.8% for vitamins A and E, respectively. Vitamin recovery from milk was 51.6-75.1% (vitamin A) and 70.1-87.8% (vitamin E). The results of the reference material analyses (CRM 421, SRM 2383) concur with the certified reference values. The analytical method described is precise, accurate, fast and inexpensive.
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