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1

Causes of variation in generative reproduction of Polygonatum odoratum (Miller) Druce in N-Poland populations

100%
Kosinski I.
Polish Journal of Ecology
|
2013
|
tom 61
|
nr 3
Seed production, seedling establishment and survival into the generative phase are important stages in the life cycles of clonal species. The aim of this study was to assess the variation of generative reproduction and factors affecting its size in the natural populations of Polygonatum odoratum. It was hypothesized that: (a) seed output in a population is strongly affected by biotic and abiotic environmental factors, and weakly related to population abundance, (b) seeds’ ability to germinate and seedlings’ survival depend on the seed size. The field studies were conducted in five populations of Polygonatum odoratum in 2000–2011. Sex allocation in flowers was estimated as the number of hermaphrodite flowers on shoots and ovules in ovaries. Generative shoots, flowers and fruits on them were recorded in each population. The type and size of damage to plants by large herbivores and insects were recorded. The three sowing experiments were conducted in order to estimate seedling performance and survival. The populations differed significantly in the fraction of hermaphrodite flowers and ovule number. The number of generative shoots and flowers on them as well as the seed output significantly differentiated the populations and patches. In the first year of study, the mean seed output ranged from 0.3 to 123.7 m⁻², and it markedly decreased in two populations, where there was no seed at last years of study. Generative shoots were often grazed by roe-deer, leaves were eaten by Phymatocera aterrima and flowers were infested by Contarinia polygonati larvae. Seedling emergence was significantly correlated with the mean seed mass. Seven-year-old individuals were able to reach generative phase. In conclusions, the results suggest that the generative shoots provide a long-term inflow of seeds to the population. Under experimental conditions, substantial survival enabled the plants to potentially reach generative maturity. In studied populations, the most important reason for dynamic of seed output was animal pressure (in order – grazing, flower infestation and defoliation). The effect of these biotic factors was visible in a short period – in the current year. In contrast, the impact of abiotic factors (e.g. lighting), was appeared in a longer period.
2

Stanowisko gnidosza rozeslanego Pedicularis sylvatica L. w otulinie Wdzydzkiego Parku Krajobrazowego

100%
Kosinski I.
Badania Fizjograficzne nad Polską Zachodnią. Seria B
|
1997
|
tom 46
185-188
3

Stanowisko skalnicy torfowiskowej Saxifraga hirculus na Pomorzu Gdańskim

100%
Kosinski I.
Chrońmy Przyrodę Ojczystą
|
1991
|
tom 47
|
nr 1-2
4

Skalnica torfowiskowa Saxifraga hirculus L. we Wdzydzkim Parku Krajobrazowym

100%
Kosinski I.
Badania Fizjograficzne nad Polską Zachodnią. Seria B
|
2000
|
tom 49
185-188
5

Nowe stanowisko skalnicy torfowiskowej Saxifraga hirculus L. na Pomorzu Gdanskim

100%
Kosinski I.
Badania Fizjograficzne nad Polską Zachodnią. Seria B
|
1994
|
tom 43
187-190
6

Content of cardenolide glycosides in Convallaria majalis L. from populations disturbed and not disturbed by cutting

100%
Kosinski I.
Polish Ecological Studies
|
1996
|
tom 22
|
nr 1-2
7

The influence of shoot harvesting on the size and fecundity of Convallaria majalis L.

100%
Kosinski I.
Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae
|
2001
|
tom 70
|
nr 4
8
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The influence of shoot harvesting on the age structure of Convallaria majalis L. populations

100%
Kosinski I.
Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae
|
2003
|
tom 72
|
nr 1
This paper presents the structure of developmental stages and the age structure of Convallaria majalis L. populations. The investigation material consisted of individuals and modules from populations in Betulo-Quercetum, Fago-Quercetum, Melico-Fagetum and Tilio-Carpinetum, in which the leaves and inflorescence of C. majalis were cut annually over a period of three years. Fifty percent of the C. majalis regional population consisted of mature modules, 20% of juvenile modules, 25% of senile modules and a very small percentage of generative modules. In populations of Fago-Quercetum there are four times more senile modules than juvenile modules, while in Melico-Fagetum the percentage of juvenile modules is four times more numerous than the percentage of senile modules. The average age of modules is 4.7±3.8 years. Three year old individuals dominate in the population, while 10 year or older individuals are very rare. In the population disturbed by the three raw material collections, the percentage of juvenile modules was decreased by 50% and the percentage of generative modules was nonexistent. As a result, the average module age is higher than in the undisturbed population. Cutting leaves and inflorescence is an important factor in limiting the recruitment of juvenile modules. The growth of individuals in the disturbed population occurs among older modules, which were able to reproduce before the disturbance occurred. Young individuals (three to four years old) are less numerous in the disturbed population, and the majority of individuals are three to six years old.
9

Plantations of Convallaria majalis L. as a threat to the natural stands of the species: genetic variability of the cultivated plants and natural populations

51%
Chwedorzewska K. J., Kosinski I., Galera H.
Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae
|
2010
|
tom 79
|
nr Suppl.1
10

Demographic versus genetic [RAPD] variation between and within two populations of the clonal plant Paris quadrifolia L. [Liliaceae]

51%
Kosinski I., Stefanowicz-Hajduk J., Ochocka R.
Polish Journal of Ecology
|
2009
|
tom 57
|
nr 2
303-311
The two populations of Paris quadrifolia L. were studied in isolated habitats in a currently fragmented landscape. Both populations were located in deciduous forests, the first (A) – on fresh mineral and acidic soil, and the second (B) – on wet organogenic, less acidic and more fertile soil. We hypothesized that genetic variation should be higher within population of more fecund plants, and that genetic distance between the two populations that occupy different isolated habitats in a fragmented landscape should be high. Demographic characteristics of populations were studied in the 2000–2005 period. In patches of both populations, 22 permanent plots measuring 1m² each were designated. For molecular testing 41 samples from both populations were selected. The share of generative shoots was higher in the population A than population B (0.35 and 0.20, respectively). However, the fecundity of ramets expressed as the number of seeds in the ripe fruit was lower in A than in the B population (15 versus 21 seeds). The germination ability was significantly higher for the seeds from A than from the B population (79% versus 44%). The survival of the juveniles was high in both populations (54 and 76%). The Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis with the application of five primers permitted identifying 91 loci. The estimation of genetic diversity was based on polymorphic loci, the share of which was average 44%. Nei’s gene diversity (h) was higher in the A than B population (0.28 versus 0.22). The genetic diversity between the populations was not large (GST = 0.14). Clonal diversity was very high, G/N ratio = 1, and cluster analysis showed intermingling between samples from both the populations. There were quite a small genetic distance (D = 0.10), and a rather high level of gene flow (Nm = 1.51) between the populations from currently isolated habitats. The obtained results indicate that the genetic diversity was lower within population of more fecund plants from more productive habitat.
11

The morphological variability of Convallaria majalis L. in natural and cultivated populations in three regions of Poland

51%
Kosinski I., Galera H., Chwedorzewska K. J.
Polish Journal of Ecology
|
2009
|
tom 57
|
nr 3
473-482
Introducing indigenous plants into cultivation and breeding programs in order to obtain new taxa can create the undesirable effects and pose a real threat to natural populations. The main problem of our study was to assess whether the phenotypic characters might allow distinguishing cultivated Convallaria majalis from plants occurring in natural habitats. The range of phenotype variability of Convallaria majalis L. shoots from forests and gardens growing in different edaphic factors was studied in 2005–2006 in north (Gdańsk), central (Warsaw) and south (Cracow) regions of Poland. Ten or eleven forest locations and the same number of garden locations were designated in each region. The soil at the forest sites was poorer in phosphorus and calcium and more acidic than at the garden sites from which the cultivated plants were obtained. Thirty flowering shoots were collected from each study site. The numbers as well as size of flowers, size of racemes and leaves were investigated. The following hypotheses were formulated: (a) due to conscious and unconscious selection, cultivated plants should have more numerous and larger flowers and a longer inflorescence (these characters are most significant for the ornamental appearance of the plant) than plants growing in forests; (b) cultivated plants exhibit less phenotype variability than do natural populations. The forest plants from all the three regions together had, in comparison with garden plants, significantly shorter racemes with fewer flowers, a narrower and shorter perianth, and a longer lower leaf with a narrower and longer leaf blade. In the forest plants raceme length exhibited the highest variability while the lowest was noted in perianth length. More morphological differences were noted between the forest and garden plants than among those from the three different regions. The results obtained indicate that the level of variability in the studied characters was similar in forest and cultivated plants. A high level of variability in some morphological characters of lily of the valley probably stems from the high phenotype plasticity of this plant and the diversified biotope conditions in which it occurs. The significant differences between forest and garden plants could have been related to differences in habitat conditions.
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