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The complete destruction of primary vegetation and soil cover as a result of human activity is the most drastic example of disturbances in ecosystem functioning. Despite the fact that inactive limestone and dolomite quarries are relatively common in the southern part of the Silesian Upland (the Jaworzno Hills mesoregion), there are not many studies on the processes of transformation of landscape within them. The aim of our paper is to present preliminary results of research on overgrowing processes in the select objects using applied GIS methods. The studies show that differentiation of overgrowing processes in investigated quarries depend on the time that passed from the end of exploitation and of the type of surrounding landscapes. The major fragments of quarries were overgrown by species with a wide ecological spectrum, both herbaceous species (e.g. Calamagrostis epigejos) and pioneering trees (e.g. Betula pendula, Salix caprea). Additionally, especially on the edge of investigated quarries, plant communities form class Rhamno-Prunetea and grasses from Cirsio-Brachypodion pinnati union formed. In total, 145 species of vascular plants were identified, including 2 strictly protected and 7 partially protected taxons. Research is based on archival aerial photographs and the latest orthophotomaps from the 1950s to 2009. All cartographic materials were calibrated and registered in Poland CS92 coordinate system (EPSG: 2180). Registration and digitalization of vegetation patch ranges were conducted with applied MapInfo Professional software.
The aim of our paper is to identify the main trends in changes in land use of select urban parks in Sosnowiec and Będzin towns during 1927-2009 in light of changes to the urban areas. Research included two urban parks: Sielecki in Sosnowiec and Góra Zamkowa in Będzin. The analysis was based on old maps (from 1927, 1960s/70s, and 1990s) and the latest available orthophotomaps of the study area (2009). The results obtained on the basis of geographical information systems (GIS) shows significant differences, both in terms of spatial and quality changes in the land use in all urban parks, conditioned by their location in the different types of landscapes. The identified changes are linked to the wider range of functions taken over by parks, and also of changes in urban planning strategies. The GIS methods were helpful in interpretation of identified changes. Increasing forest areas is observed in the last research period and has a connection with the flora of both parks. The role of urban parks is particularly noticeable in strongly urbanized and industrialized areas – in the urban-industrial agglomeration and conurbation. The urban parks in these areas are an interesting problem in terms of geographical, botanical, and landscape ecology research. The documentation, monitoring, and protection of the oldest and the most valuable parts of the urban parks (urban forests) are important in light of the fact that urban parks are linked with local history.
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