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Przedstawiono obecną sytuację produkcji żywca wieprzowego w woj. świętokrzyskim z uwzględnieniem specyficznych uwarunkowań, oraz możliwości rozwoju produkcji przez procesy integracyjne. Analiza została oparta na danych pochodzących z Urzędu Statystycznego w Kielcach, danych pochodzących ze Spisu Rolnego przeprowadzonego w latach 1996 i 2002.
Wstąpienie Polski do UE oraz proces dostosowywania się do standardów panujących na tym rynku wywołało konieczność wprowadzenia wielu aktów prawnych regulujących rynek rolny. W związku z tym istnieje uzasadniona konieczność informowania uczestników tego rynku, a zwłaszcza producentów rolnych o regulacjach prawnych rynku i wynikających z nich praw i obowiązków. Praca przedstawia jedną z form regulacji opartą na kanwie prawa cywilnego, a mianowicie umowę kontraktacji. Umowa ta w dużej mierze wychodzi naprzeciw oczekiwaniom wszystkich stron z uwzględnieniem specyfiki produkcji rolniczej.
About efficency production of animal decide economic factors and environmentaly including mountain lands. This lands characterized by: large resources structure of production. Process transformation of food production to market reguirements proceeds very slowly.
This article is designed to identify research directions in application of GIS technology in environmental protection through a literature review. Critical analysis has been used to determine the thematic scope and structure of environmental protection, while bibliometric study identifies research directions. The selection of journals to be investigated is based on journal profiles and scientific prestige, together with analyses of selected articles. Two groups of journals are studied for the period 2007 through 2009. The journals Ecological Engineering, Environmental Research, and Remote Sensing of the Environment are studied in the range of environmental protection and Computers & Geosciences, the International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation, and Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing are in the range of GIS technology.
The complete destruction of primary vegetation and soil cover as a result of human activity is the most drastic example of disturbances in ecosystem functioning. Despite the fact that inactive limestone and dolomite quarries are relatively common in the southern part of the Silesian Upland (the Jaworzno Hills mesoregion), there are not many studies on the processes of transformation of landscape within them. The aim of our paper is to present preliminary results of research on overgrowing processes in the select objects using applied GIS methods. The studies show that differentiation of overgrowing processes in investigated quarries depend on the time that passed from the end of exploitation and of the type of surrounding landscapes. The major fragments of quarries were overgrown by species with a wide ecological spectrum, both herbaceous species (e.g. Calamagrostis epigejos) and pioneering trees (e.g. Betula pendula, Salix caprea). Additionally, especially on the edge of investigated quarries, plant communities form class Rhamno-Prunetea and grasses from Cirsio-Brachypodion pinnati union formed. In total, 145 species of vascular plants were identified, including 2 strictly protected and 7 partially protected taxons. Research is based on archival aerial photographs and the latest orthophotomaps from the 1950s to 2009. All cartographic materials were calibrated and registered in Poland CS92 coordinate system (EPSG: 2180). Registration and digitalization of vegetation patch ranges were conducted with applied MapInfo Professional software.
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The purpose of this article is to research and retrieve patent information regarding the therapeutic use of truffles. Truffles have a unique value as a foodstuff and impact positively on human health and well-being. They are applied in such industries as the pharmaceutical industry and the cosmetic industry. Patent documentation available in the Espacenet network and the Patentscope service were analyzed by key word and patent specifications were examined to describe state of the art and to identify scientific research trends in therapeutic applications of truffles. Medicinal properties of truffles such as the anticancer or cardiovascular effect, a reduction in blood lipids, immunological resistance and increased energy were identified. Other therapeutic benefits include sedative action, prevention of hormonal imbalances in women, pre-menopause symptom relief, senile urethritis and prostate disorders, sleep disorders and increased absorption of calcium from milk. Truffles can also be used to alleviate symptoms of milk intolerance such as diarrhoea or bloating, to ease rheumatic pains and to treat and prevent further develop­ment or recurrence of senile cataract.
Our paper presents a range of research carried out for environment protection and management using GIS applications. It documents 20 years of scientific achievements through Polish-Croatian cooperation in the GIS field. The resultant body of work includes, inter alia, scientific publications that are the result of 20 international conferences organized in the framework of said cooperation efforts. The study included articles published in 1994 to 2012 and those drafted for publication in 2013. An analysis of select articles was done in accordance with the accepted range of topics in order to categorize and define the research extent. Among the distinguished 19 subject categories, most of the articles were concerned with: environmental management, nature conservation, landscape management, biodiversity, sustainable development, meteorology, and climatology.
Ecohydrological monitoring was conducted in the period of 1999-2013 (and beyond) in the riverhead section of the Kłodnica Valley, in the riverside ecosystems in the southern part of the Silesian Upland. The aim of this study was to analyze and evaluate the impact of mining on the changes in water conditions and their impact on plant ecosystems connected with waterlogged habitats in the valley. The monitoring included observations on the variability of the water table, the size of mining subsidence and the scale of ground deformation. In order to monitor the range of Allium ursinum and Veratrum lobelianum, five permanent plots of 100 m2 each were established. During coal extraction (2000-06) the water table depths ranged from 0 to 2.4 m in the uplands, and from 0 to about 1 m in the valley, and the waterlogging of the substrate was dependent on precipitation conditions (amount and distribution of rainfall throughout a year). At that time, the surface of the area lowered by a maximum of 1.78 m. After the coalmine operation ceased, i.e. in the period of 2007-13, the subsidence significantly declined and did not exceed 15 cm. The monitored populations of Allium ursinum L. and Veratrum lobelianum Bernh. did not show considerable changes in terms of the area they occupied. However, a trend was observed to increase their ranges not only in the plots but also in the whole area. Local decrease in the ranges of the tested species was caused by forest management carried out at the same time. According to the results of the monitoring, the changes evoked by the mining activities are dependent on geological and lithological conditions, the position of the water table, the size of the mining operation, and ground subsidence, as well as the technology of extraction. It was found that the impact of mining on riparian ecosystems in the study area has not caused negative changes in their functioning.
The aim of our paper is to identify the main trends in changes in land use of select urban parks in Sosnowiec and Będzin towns during 1927-2009 in light of changes to the urban areas. Research included two urban parks: Sielecki in Sosnowiec and Góra Zamkowa in Będzin. The analysis was based on old maps (from 1927, 1960s/70s, and 1990s) and the latest available orthophotomaps of the study area (2009). The results obtained on the basis of geographical information systems (GIS) shows significant differences, both in terms of spatial and quality changes in the land use in all urban parks, conditioned by their location in the different types of landscapes. The identified changes are linked to the wider range of functions taken over by parks, and also of changes in urban planning strategies. The GIS methods were helpful in interpretation of identified changes. Increasing forest areas is observed in the last research period and has a connection with the flora of both parks. The role of urban parks is particularly noticeable in strongly urbanized and industrialized areas – in the urban-industrial agglomeration and conurbation. The urban parks in these areas are an interesting problem in terms of geographical, botanical, and landscape ecology research. The documentation, monitoring, and protection of the oldest and the most valuable parts of the urban parks (urban forests) are important in light of the fact that urban parks are linked with local history.
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