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The Black Cherry (Prunus serotina Ehrh.), a North American forest tree, had been extensively planted for timber production in order to improve soil quality in pine plantations in European forests during the first half of the 20th century. Unfortunately, it failed to meet the foresters’ expectations. It has instead spread rapidly in silvicultures becoming a notorious weed species, difficult to control. Although it still has alien plant status, it seems that 150 years of its presence on the European continent might suffice for this neophyte to become adopted as a host plant by the native fauna of insect herbivores. The observations of Prunus serotina were conducted in 2009–2010 in the Rudno Forest District, Lower Silesia, Poland, on Prunus serotina plants growing as a thick understorey shrub layer in fresh mixed deciduous forest. The analyses, performed in 7–10 day intervals from April until the end of July each year, aimed at monitoring the population dynamics of Gonioctena quinquepunctata on P. serotina plants, and the dynamics of leaf perforation caused by this herbivore, in order to determine the relation between these two species. The insects were observed on 100 shoots on 10 plants on each observation date, and were recorded in situ. Based on the estimates of the leaf damage, the mean perforation index (PI) (%) was calculated on each date for each plant shoot, expressed as the mean percentage of the perforated leaf blade area. PI (%) was subsequently correlated with the beetle and larvae density on the plants. It has been demonstrated that the feeding of G. quinquepunctata on Black Cherry plants is more closely associated with the presence of its larvae, than with that of the beetles. Although the mean PI value on each observation date was never higher than 12%, the maximum perforation of individual leaf blades occasionally exceeded 50%, whereas the maximum mean PI calculated for individual shoots on each observation date reached as much as 47%. The authors suggest that feeding of G. quinquepunctata on P. serotina may represent an example of a well established trophic link between a native herbivore and a plant species still considered a neophyte.
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Naturalne odnowienie cisa na Pomorzu Szczecińskim

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Observations on the development of the horse chestnut leafminer on red horse chestnut (Aesculus x carnea H.) were carried out in Wrocław, Lower Silesia, Poland, in 2001–2003. Three generations of the pest were recorded to lay eggs on the red horse chestnut leaves. Although females of each generation deposited eggs abundantly, the hatching larvae died after a short period of feeding in the plant’s leaves and the species did not complete its development on this tree. Mostly L1 and L2 larvae were found inside the leaf mines. The observed leaf damage was, therefore, negligible.
The trials conducted with selected chemical and biological insecticides in 1998-2000 showed the highest effectiveness of Karate Zeon 100 CS (lambda-cyhalotrine) in European corn borer (ECB) larvae control in sweet corn. The efficacy of biological insecticides containing Bacillus thuringiensis ssp. kurstaki: Biobit 3.2 WP and Lepinox WDG was very variable between the years. Reasons for insufficient efficacy of these products are discussed. The most appropriate time for the application of a chemical insecticide against ECB larvae are plant developmental stages since the beginning of pollen shedding to full blooming (63–67 BBCH scale). The efficacy of treatment was the highest at that time.
The effect of two pyrethroid ester insecticides, as well as their concentration, on the insect survival were studied along with the dynamics of the insect intoxication, as dependent on the application rate of the chemicals. The laboratory tarsal plate test, carried out in May 2006, was based on commercial formulations of τ-fluvalinate and λ-cyhalothrin instead of pure a.i. The study aimed at producing practical recommendations about the reduction of the application rate in the chemical protection of the oil seed rape (OSR) against the pod and the stem weevils and against the pollen beetle. The results suggest that the application rate reduction of τ-fluvalinate does not alter considerably the survival of the tested insect parasitoids, whereas in case of λ-cyhalothrin it is accompanied by an increase in the insects`survival.
The studies were carried out on the maize crops grown in monoculture in 2004-2005 on two experimental fields at Łosiów and Wronów in Opole region, Poland. From the aphid mummies collected at both sites secondary parasitoids of the families Pteromalidae, Cynipidae, Megaspilidae, and Encyrtidae were reared. In spring and early summer of 2004, the most abundant were the species of Pteromalidae, with the eudominating species Asaphes suspensus NEES. At the same time of the next year the dominant species were Dendrocerus carpenteri (CURTIS) (Megaspilidae) and Phaenoglyphis villosa (HARTIG) (Charipidae: Alloxistinae). In autumn, the secondary parasitoids occurred only in the second year of the study, 2005. The dominant species at both sites was Phaenoglyphis xanthochroa (FÖRSTER) (Charipidae: Alloxistinae). In the literature available so far there are no data on secondary parasitoids incidence on maize crop in autumn.
The studies were carried out on the maize crops grown in monoculture in 2004-2005 on two experimental fields at Łosiów and Wronów in the Opole region, Poland. Larvae of these four hoverfly species: Sphaerophoria scripta (L.), S. rueppelli (Wied.), S. menthastri (L.) and Episyrphus balteatus (Deg.) were found on maize plants. S. scripta was more abundant at both sites in 2004, whereas S. rueppelli predominated in 2005. The following parasitoids of syrphid pupae were identified: Pachyneuron grande Thomson, Syrphophagus aeruginosus (Dalman), Aphidencyrtus aphidivorus (Mayr) and Dendrocerus pupparum (Graham), as well as ichneumonid wasps. The predominant parasitoid species that attacked the syrphid pupae of all types to the greatest extent, was P. grande.
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Walne zebranie Oddziału PTL w Szczecinie

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