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Studies carried out on the alga Chlorella vulgaris (Chlorophyceae) showed that hydrocortisone applied in a concentration range of 10-4 - 10-5 M has a stimulating effect on its growth, i.e. the content of fresh and dry mass, and on the chlorophyll and carotenoid contents. Hydrocortisone was found to have its greatest stimulative effect on the biochemical parameters analysed in a concentration of 5x10-5 M between the 15th and 20th day of the alga culture (with the exception of monoxy-xanthophylls). The strongest stimulation was noted in the content of: chlorophylls (a+b), from 184 % - 200 %, the total carotenoid pool, 170% - 190%, including carotenes stimulated from 193 % to 208 %, xanthophylls with 2 oxygen atoms in he molecule 171 % - 191 %, and richly oxidated xanthophylls 146 % -187 %. Maximum stimulation of the dry mass content was within the range of 138 % -151 % whereas the weakest stimulation was noted in the monoxy-xanthophylls 121 % - 125 % as compared with the control (100 %).The studies showed that hydrocortisone, as a typical representative of animal glucocorticoids, also occurring in some species of vascular plants and probably in thallophytes, when applied in the optimum concentration range 10-4 - 10-6 has a fairly intensive stimulative effect on the growth of C. vulgaris cells and their content of photosynthetic pigments, i.e. chlorophylls (a+b) and carotenoids especially carotenes and xanthophylls moderately rich in oxygen.
Three acidic glycosidases: β-galactosidase (β-GAL, EC 3.2.1.23), α-neuraminidase (NEUR, sialidase, EC 3.2.1.18), N-acetylaminogalacto-6-sulfate sulfatase (GALNS, EC 3.1.6.4) and serine carboxypepidase cathepsin A (EC 3.4.16.1) form a functional high molecular weight complex in the lysosomes. The major constituent of this complex is cathepsin A, the so-called “lysosomal protective protein” (PPCA). By forming a multienzyme complex, it protects the glycosidases from rapid intralysosomal proteolysis, and it is also required for the intracellular sorting and proteolytic processing of their precursors. In man, a deficiency of cathepsin A leads to a combined deficiency of β-GAL and NEUR activities, called “galactosialidosis”. Multiple mutations identified in the cathepsin A gene are the molecular basis of this lysosomal storage disease. This review describes the structural organization of the lysosomal high molecular weight multienzyme complex and the importance of the protective protein/cathepsin A in physiology and pathology.
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