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The assessment of disease occurrence in winter triticale was performed in 2005–2007 at the Experimental Station Osiny (Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation, Pulawy, Poland). The plants were cultivated in cereal crop rotation under three technologies varying in production intensity, since 1998. The level of production intensity was diversified by plant protection strategy, and did not influence the healthiness of winter triticale. Infection of triticale by G. graminis and the stem base diseases fungal did not differ between the tested technologies. The percentage of leaf area infected by diseases at the stage of milk maturity considering all applied technologies was low.
The assessment of disease occurrence on winter wheat was performed in 2005–2007 at the Experimental Station Osiny (Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation, Pulawy, Poland). Since 1998 wheat was cultivated in cereal crop rotation under three technologies varying in production intensity. The level of production intensity was diversified by plant protection strategy, and had an impact on the healthiness of winter wheat. Roots’ infection by Geumannomyces graminis varied significantly between technologies according to plant production systems extensive or intensive. No significant differences were stated among technology treatments. Infection of wheat by the stem base disease did not differ between the tested technologies. The percentage of leaf area infected by wheat disease in all technologies was low.
An Internet model for the assessment of grain loss risk caused by Phaeosphaeria nodorum (syn. Septoria nodorum) is presented in the paper. The model is divided into two functional layers: user interface and calculation layer. Eight factors having a significant impact on the disease development were taken into account: pathogen incidence, stand density, precipitation, the degree of infestation of three top leaves, use of growth regulators, fungicide application dose, controlledtraffic cropping and susceptibility of cultivars. The principle of operation of the model and the method of operating it are presented.
Field experiments were conducted at the Experimental Station Osiny (Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation, Pulawy, Poland) in 2005–2007. Since 1998 spring barley was cultivated in cereal crop rotation under three technologies characterized by different in production intensity. The aim of this study was to determine the occurrence of leaf, stem base and root diseases on spring barley of depending different production intensity (intensive, integrated, economic). The level of production intensity was diversified by plant protection strategy, and did not influence the healthiness of spring barley. The level of infection of spring barley with Gaeumannomyces graminis and the fungal–stem base diseases did not differ between the tested technologies. No leaf infection was recorded in 2005–2006. In the 2007 the percentage of leaf area infected by Pyrenophora teres in all applied technologies was low.
The aim of presented studies was the use of aerial photography to determine long-term permanent areas of weed infestation. Aerial photos are becoming a more available form of information on spatial diversity of agricultural field production. They are commonly used for drawing application maps, which are the basis for precision farming. Available GIS (geographical information system) tools enables rectification of aerial photos, which were taken by digital cameras. Consequently, the prepared photomaterials can then be analysed by geo-processing operations. Weed infestation of a given field, especially visible in latter stages of crops in the growing season, allows relatively easy to identify large, dispersed, and small clusters of weeds. Comparing aerial photos taken over a certain amount of years, allows to develop strategies of active (target) plant protection. The paper presents a low-altitude remote sensing method and stages of persistent weed infestation, including zones of mapping for precision farming. The fields of winter wheat and winter rape of the ZD IUNG – PIB Osiny (51°27’N, 22°1’E), were photographed in the period of 2005–2007.
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