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The research on segetal flora and agricultural ecosystems has gained special importance in recent years, since they are an important element in biodiversity conservation. An evaluation of the status of the segetal flora was made on the basis of a study conducted in the period 1998–2002 in crop fields of four municipalities located in the Strug River valley in Podkarpackie Voivodeship. This research was carried out in root and cereal crops. Total species richness and the average number of species per relevé were determined in this study. In determining species diversity of the communities, the Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H’) was used. In cereal crops, the community Vicietum tetraspermae typicum was characterized by the greatest species richness (109 species), while Vicietum tetraspermae consolidetosum showed the lowest richness (57 species). In root crops, the association Oxalido-Chenopodietum polyspermi exhibited the greatest richness (78 species), whereas Galinsogo- Setarietum typicum the lowest richness (53 species). In the cereal communities, a total 149 of weed species were recorded, while in the root communities their total number was 97. The values of the Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H’) ranged from 3.10 to 2.42. The phytocoenoses Oxalido-Chenopodietum polyspermi, Vicietum tetraspermae typicum, and Vicietum tetraspermae, the variant with Vicia grandiflora, were characterized by the highest values of the Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H’), whereas the association Galinsogo-Setarietum typicum and the impoverished communities from the alliance Aperion spicae- -venti showed the lowest values.
The flora and vegetation of river valleys are currently greatly transformed as a result of the increased influence of many factors related to human activity. Earlier research on the vegetation of the Rzeszow Reservoir was carried out in 1994-95. Since then, its depth has been greatly diminished and its surface area decreased two-fold. Moreover, types of land use have changed in the immediate vicinity of the reservoir. In 2011-14 we conducted similar field research aimed at analysing changes in vascular flora. For this purpose, we compared indices of anthropogenic changes in flora for both study periods. Our results show that the flora of this area is diverse in taxonomic, syntaxonomic, and ecological terms. It includes both typical aquatic plants and species characteristic for the habitats surrounding the water body. Currently, 327 vascular plant species of 68 families are recorded in the study area. The flora is dominated by hemicryptophytes, with high contributions of therophytes and hydrophytes. In the geographical-historical classification, the dominant groups were spontaneophytes (and among them apophytes), whereas the contribution of anthropophytes was small. This was confirmed by high values of synanthropization and apophytization indices (>50%), and the low value of the anthropophytization index (17.4%). The low index of flora naturalness (24.4%) attests to its transformation. The socio-ecological spectrum shows high contributions of species typical of alluvial forests: aquatic and tall fen communities (17%), fertile deciduous forests and shrub communities (14%), and fresh, moderately moist meadows (12%).
The vascular flora in the “Łąki w Komborni” Natura 2000 site comprises 219 species representing 44 families and 147 genera. Species from the families Asteraceae, Poaceae, Lamiaceae, Fabaceae, Rosaceae, Polygonaceae, Cyperaceae, Apiaceae, and Ranunculaceae were found to dominate. A geographical and historical analysis of species confirmed the clear dominance of apophytes (84%) over anthropophytes (16%) as well as perennials (69%) over short-lived (23%) species. The biological spectrum was dominated by hemicryptophytes (54%) and therophytes (19%), compared with other life forms. In terms of synecology, the flora was mainly represented by species from the classes Molinio-Arrhenatheretea, Stellarietea mediae, Artemisietea vulgaris and Phragmitetea. The “Łąki w Komborni” site is a habitat for 82 (37%) medicinal species and 155 (70%) forage species for bees. Noteworthy is the occurrence of protected species, e.g. Gladiolus imbricatus, Trollius europaeus, Centhaurium erythraea, Dactylorhiza majalis, Platanthera bifolia and Primula elatior.
The article presents the results of floristic investigations conducted in 2012–2014 in the Natura 2000 area “Łąki nad Wojkówką” (PLH 180051) situated in the Dynowskie Foothills. The area was established with the aim of conservation of thermophilic meadow complexes with fragments of xerothermic grasslands, which are extremely rare in the Carpathians. The vascular flora comprises 252 species from 49 families and 166 genera. Native spontaneophytes (45.7%) and apophytes (44.8%) dominated over anthropophytes (9.5%), and perennial species (85.3%) dominated over short-lived (14.7%) species. Thermophilic species of dry grasslands and scrubs were represented by the classes Festuco-Brometea, Trifolio-Geranietea, and Rhamno-Prunetea. Fresh meadow plants from the class Molinio-Arrhenatheretea were most frequently noted in the flora composition, while ruderal species from the class Artemisietea vulgaris had a substantial share. The occurrence of protected species e.g. Centaurium erythraea, Dianthus armeria, and Gentiana cruciata should also be noted.
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