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The first signs of formation of the posterior serous lingual glands (von Ebner's glands) were observed at day 22 of prenatal development of the rabbit. The development of glands was initiated by the appearance of epithelial bands, growing into the connective tissue. At day 26 p.c. the epithelial bands were longer. At day 1 of postnatal life the secre­tory parts of glands were formed together with excretory parts. Carbohydrates were found in the lumen of the excretory parts. At day 15 p.p. it was shown that the excretory parts opened at the bottom of furrows of foliate and circumvallate papillae. In the successive periods of life in the rabbit were observed linear arrangement for excretory parts opening at the bottom of furrows of foliate papillae. Excretory parts which opened at the bottom of circumvallate papillae formed a circular system.
The studies were performed on the mucosa of the body of the gallbladder in the dog and Chinese raccoon dog, species belonging to the Canidae family. The mucosal glands in both species mostly have the form of alveolar or short tubular secretory units without excretory ducts and are situated in the middle part at the bottom of the crypts surrounded by folds of the mucosa. Sporadically we observed the mucous intraepithelial glands. The results of the light and scanning electron microscopic observations indicate interspecies differences in the density, type and size of secretory units and also their openings. In the raccoon dog the number of secretory units is 30 times greater than in the dog and the units are predominantly simple glands with small openings. In the dog mostly 2 or 3 secretory units with common wide openings were observed. The SEM images of the NaOH macerated mucosa of the gallbladders showed a connective tissue framework around the glands composed of flat lamina with an irregular pattern of fine collagen fibres and numerous fenestrations. The collagen network around the openings of the glands is more compact and provides mechanical support for the glands of the gallbladder.
The distribution and three-dimensional structure of the lingual papillae were studied by means of scanning electron microscopy. The elongated tongue in the bank vole is about 12 mm in length and about 3 mm in width. The characteristic features of the tongue are the median sulcus on the apex of the tongue, considerable narrowing in the body of the tongue and a well developed intermolar prominence. On the surface of the apex and body of the tongue three morphological types of the filiform papillae and fungiform papillae were observed. The intermolar prominence of the tongue is covered with conical and saw-like filiform papillae. On the posteriolateral margin of the intermolar prominence two foliate papillae were found. A single oval vallate papilla was situated in the median line of the anterior part of the root of the tongue. The posterior part of the lingual root is flat without papillae. The distribution and types of the lingual papillae found in the bank vole are similar to those in species of the Microtinae family.
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