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Celem pracy jest określenie perspektyw rozwoju gminy Józefów przez zaangażowanie się władz i mieszkańców w promocję i rozwój infrastruktury sprzyjającej rozwojowi turystyki aktywnej. W badaniach zastosowano metodę sondażu diagnostycznego, wykorzystując autorską ankietę jako narzędzie badawcze. W wyliczeniach statystycznych wykorzystano metodę analizy dyskryminacyjnej. Badaniem objęto 44 uczniów liceum ogólnokształcącego i 106 uczniów gimnazjum. Stwierdzono, iż dobra baza gastronomiczna i sportowa oraz walory związane z zabytkami i ciekawym środowiskiem przyrodniczym są czynnikami, które mogą podnieść atrakcyjność turystyczną regionu. Respondenci podkreślili znaczenie istniejących na terenie gminy parków krajobrazowych oraz optowali za rozbudową infrastruktury drogowej, a zwłaszcza bazy sportowo-rekreacyjnej. Stwierdzono, iż połączenie turystki aktywnej z turystyką kulturową uczyni gminę Józefów bardziej atrakcyjną. Wyniki badań wskazały władzom gminy i mieszkańcom kierunek rozwoju Józefowa i okolic, jak również pozwoliły wskazać inwestycje, które byłyby ukierunkowane na rozwój infrastruktury turystyczno-rekreacyjnej.
Background: The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of footballers who participated in the 2008 and 2012 European Championships. The study was conducted by analysis of basic technical and tactical game. Material/Methods: The observation method in the form of a kinematic game analysis system was used to collect necessary data. The research material was based on analysis of 304 players participating in the 2008 European Championships and 277 players in the 2012 European Championships, with each tournament consisting of 31 matches. Statistica software was used to apply the Student’s t-test for the independent groups. Results: Higher values of indicators determining player’s efficiency were found in the teams participating in the 2012 tournament; significant differences were found in the total number (p = 0.048) and accuracy (p = 0.034) of shots taken by the most successful teams, in the number (p = 0.044), efficiency (p = 0.002) and accuracy (p < 0.001) of passes as well as in the length of distance covered (p < 0.001). Conclusions: A systematic increase in the efficiency of passes in subsequent tournaments points to an upward trend of this element in the game. An increase was also noted in the number of shots taken, which was accompanied by a decrease in shot accuracy. Modern football has become a fast team game with lots of passes of high reliability. Thus, training of young players should be focused on the development of playing techniques and motor skills.
Jakość i dokładność działań technicznych w grze w piłkę nożną znacząco wpływają na osiągane wyniki sportowe. Wszechstronne wyszkolenie zawodniczek i zawodników mają bardzo ścisły związek z kształtowaniem symetrii ruchowej, która prowadzi do podniesienia sprawności koordynacji, zwiększając możliwości ruchowe zawodniczek. Celem artykułu jest ilościowe poznanie gry bramkarek w działaniach ofensywnych w świetle symetryzacji gry w działaniach z piłką oraz określenie czy w szkoleniu bramkarek na najwyższym europejskim poziomie prowadzone jest wszechstronne przygotowanie techniczne zawodniczek grających na tej pozycji. Jako metodę badawczą zastosowano obserwację systematyczną, zewnętrzną i skategoryzowaną poprzez wystandaryzowane narzędzie badawcze, jakim był autorski arkusz obserwacji. Analizie poddano grę bramkarek ośmiu drużyn występujących w fazie finałowej podczas wszystkich 15 meczów rozegranych w czasie turnieju. Rejestrowano następujące działania ofensywne bramkarek: wyrzut piłki ręką, rozpoczęcie akcji nogą oraz podanie piłki nogą z akcji. Wyniki zebranego materiału skłaniają autorów do potwierdzenia założonej hipotezy badawczej, że w szkoleniu bramkarek na najwyższym europejskim poziomie nie jest prowadzone wszechstronne przygotowanie techniczne.
The aim of the study was to determine actions that should be undertaken by companies to be seen as socially responsible, and what factors influence on the choice of the employer by respondents. A diagnostic survey method was used including the author’s questionnaire, which was tested upon 1,157 residents of Lubelskie Province. The stratified random selection was applied, and discriminant function analysis for statistical calculations. According to respondents, a socially responsible company is such that prefers ethical action, well treats the employees, has a honest relationship with employees and customers, as well as supports charity and ecological organizations. When choosing an employer, earnings, opinion of employees about the atmosphere in the company, and the prospect of the employees development proved to be the most important. Experiences of other countries should be used in Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in order to achieve the most practical management methods, while entrepreneurs should be familiarized with the importance of CRS, and take care of the social approval of their company in media, as well as seek to cooperate with the authorities and the local community.
The training process should be assisted by pieces of information considering the sphere of tactically - technical activities that best football players and world - class teams present. Not noticing crucial differences may be seen as the one of the reasons for lowering training process quality. It is important to make comparative analyses regarding teams of different age groups by taking into consideration actions they take during a game and their efficiency. It allows for an observation not only different changes that are happening during various age groups training process, but also playing techniques of a professional competitor during particular training stages. The material that has been researched is as follow: 147 goals that were scored during the World Cup in Germany in 2006 and 135 goals won during the World Youth Championship in Canada in 2007. The following research method is a systematic, outside observation that is categorized by a standardized research tool which is the author’s observation form. The research results were statistically analysed by the use of Student's t - test for independent groups. It may be concluded that: any crucial differences between two categories of teams, considering the structure of the length of the scored goals, the goal area itself and the pitch sectors from which actions were initiated, have not been found. Considerable differences have been noticed, as far as the way of shooting a goal after taking a ball by means of more complicated methods, like for example: kicking the ball with the inside and outside of the instep or shots done by head - elderly football players seem to be more precise in both accuracy and efficiency in shooting goals, but disparity result is not statistically significant.
As the majority of Polish population lives in towns, there is a growing need to spend the rest time in natural conditions, explicitly in forest areas. The aim of the study was to determine the impact of natural resources of the Poleski National Park (PNP; eastern Poland) on the development of tourism within its area. We identified the factors with the greatest impact on the tourist attractiveness of PNP areas as well as assessed the level of management of this area in tourist−recreational infrastructure and availability of information about on the Park. Diagnostic survey with the original questionnaire was used as a research tool. The studies were conducted in September and October 2016 in Hańsk, Stary Brus, Urszulin and Sosnowica communes among adult residents divided into three age groups. Likert scale was used for the measurement of the respondents attitude. A sample size was established based the total adult population of four municipalities. The discriminant function was used for statistical calculations. The biggest attractions of the PNP include nature reserves, nature trails and the PNP museum. The Park is considered to be one of the most beautiful ones in Poland, with rich landscape and possible contact with unique fauna and flora. The prestige of the Park was an important factor of the attractiveness in respondents opinion. It is possible to rest actively in PNP what is supported by good management of the studied areas in the tourism−recreation infrastructure. The excellent marking of the hiking trails as well as the location of numerous information boards used by tourists were emphasised by the respondents. It seems that if taking reasonable care to protect natural resources, the PNP may be even to a greater extent subject to more complete spatial – functional management, in particular for the creation of new tourist products. In harmony with nature they determine types and forms of tourism, which can be developed in this region. These tasks fall within the competence and responsibility of the PNP authorities. The priority is to maintain an acceptable level of impact through checks and planned arrangements of indicators of tourist absorbency and capacity of these areas.
The aim of the work was to show the expectations of the Polish society towards leisure time as well as tourist and recreational activities in the forest environment. We tried to define the reasons for staying in forest environment, indicate the most valuable qualities of forest area and factors that disturb the presence in forest. We indicated the greatest threats to the forest environment and expectations of the population regarding the facilities for using the forest environment for leisure purposes as well as recreational and tourist activities. The diagnostic survey method was used. The questionnaire included 10 closed questions, half of which were used for the purpose of this work. The attitude was measured with a five−point Likert scale after the use of activities related to the construction and validation. The sample consisted of 1068 adult respondents, who were chosen according to the place of residence (village, town up to 30 thousand and over 30 thousand inhabitants), age (up to 25 years, from 26 to 40 years, from 41 to 55 years as well as older than 56), gender and 6 regions of Poland. We applied the analysis of discriminant function in statistical analysis. The classification function was used in the form of calculating coefficients that were determined for each of the created groups. The main goals of stay in forest are group trips, running and cycling, as well as health values of this environment and observation of fauna and flora combined with the collection of forest undergrowth. The main advantages of this environment are healthy and fresh air, and peace. Factors disturbing stay in the forest include its littering and too many visitors, while the biggest threats are forest fires and its excessive exploitation by visitors. It is expected that the infrastructure supporting relaxation in the forest environment will be developing. Polish forest resources through the richness of natural values and with proper supply of tourist and recreational infrastructure can be the main area of creating tourist and recreational products. The education of visitors is expected to improve the perception of forest resources as a place of rest and regeneration of vital forces.
The aim of this study was to identify the motives of visits in the Wigierski National Park (north−eastern Poland), which were focused on health and regeneration of vitality by inhabitants of Suwałki. Knowledge about the influence of forest environment on health was also investigated. The quota sampling was used to determine the sample size and number of respondents was determined proportionally to the level of education and age of people surveyed. We used discriminant analysis to determine which variables stood out in four analysed age groups. Recreational and tourism as well as therapeutic opportunities, to a great extent, are not just noticed by respondents, but also applied by them in their daily life. Respondents appreciated the healing effect of the forest environment on people, on their physical and mental needs. Such attitude was achieved thanks to widely conducted education, which enhanced such aspects as medical properties of forests and their role in health prevention. Respondents declared the need for visiting actively forest areas for leisure and health reasons. Respondents particularly emphasized a possibility of health improvement, even more than a desire to enjoy anthropogenic attractions of the Wigierski National Park. Taking into account tourists' needs that are aimed at leisure and health, as well as appreciating non−productive importance of forests, it is recommended that the State Forests, through supervision and adequate infrastructure, should strive for the most convenient way to make forest environment available for people. It was also applied for protecting forest resources in order to maintain their sustainability for present and future generations. It was stated that the promotion of active leisure in connection with natural forest environment is a new way of life, especially applied by residents of large urban agglomerations. Such promotion is also a key task of public authorities and various organizations related to ecology and health. A special role is attributed to tourism and recreation organizers, but most of all to the State Forests, which are the main administrator of this forest area.
Aktywność fizyczna stanowi ważny obszar codziennej aktywności człowieka. Warunkuje ona zdrowie, prawidłowy rozwój oraz dobre samopoczucie. Głównym celem pracy było określenie poziomu aktywności fizycznej podejmowanej przez studentów kierunków Turystyka i Rekreacja oraz Informatyka Państwowej Szkoły Wyższej im. Papieża Jana Pawła II w Białej Podlaskiej. Do oceny poziomu aktywności fizycznej dużych grup ludzi służą najczęściej techniki kwestionariuszowe. W niniejszej pracy zastosowano metodę sondażu diagnostycznego z wykorzystaniem Międzynarodowego Kwestionariusza Aktywności Fizycznej IPAQ. Dominowały osoby o wysokiej aktywności. Studenci Turystyki okazali się być aktywniejsi od swoich kolegów z Informatyki. Wyższą aktywnością wykazali się również studenci z Białorusi w stosunku do studentów z Polski. Nie stwierdzono wyraźnych różnic w strukturze aktywności kobiet i mężczyzn oraz pomiędzy osobami o prawidłowym wskaźniku BMI, a osobami, u których wykracza on poza normy.
Forest areas are treated as one of the most important resources for a modern human, which is an integral part of his existence. The aim of this study was to determine a degree of the influence that forest environment has on the psychological and physical development of Polish teenagers as well as to recognize the motives having the greatest impact on the need of school youth to stay in the forest environment. We also tried to define skills and values acquired by young people through the use of forest areas. We used a diagnostic survey method. Authors' questionnaire was applied to survey 3,590 respondents all over Poland. The study was conducted in May and June 2014. Altogether we surveyed 1,206 high school students, 1,186 junior high students and 1,198 pupils from the elementary schools. The discriminant function was applied for statistical analyzes. The main motives for young people to stay in the forest environment were resting, gathering undergrowth, physical recreation as well as education on the economy and protection of forest resources (tab. 1). The co−participants of young people were mostly parents, to a lesser extent, tourist guides, foresters and educators dealing with forestry issues. Young people often organized trips to the forest areas on their own (tab. 2). Teenagers treat the forest as a place of physical and mental regeneration, a place of active resting by practicing such forms of recreational activities as walking, jogging, nordic walking, cycling and, to a lesser extent, horse riding and skiing (tab. 5). They also strongly emphasized the possibility to gather undergrowth in the forest areas. The forest resources are an important place for practicing physical recreation, relaxation and regeneration of psychophysical forces of Polish schoolchildren (tab. 4). The forest environment gives young people the opportunity to relax, restore emotional balance and to enjoy their stay in the bosom of nature. The forest environment influences the acquisition and improvement of many skills related to healthy lifestyle as well as cognitive elements associated with forest management and the function of forest (tab. 3). Despite the significant role of forest services in educational activities, the main responsibility of preparing children and young people to skillful use of forest resources rests on foresters and educators related to the forest environment.
Podejmując zagadnienie aktywności fizycznej wybranych grup kierowano się względami praktyki społecznej. W tym celu podjęto próbę wskazania, jakie wartości dostrzegają ankietowani we wspomnianej aktywności, czy istnieje zróżnicowanie w zakresie poziomu aktywności fizycznej ze względu na płeć, masę i wysokość ciała oraz kierunek podejmowanych studiów czy wykonywany zawód. Mimo zauważalnego wzrostu poziomu zdrowotnej świadomości aktywnego uczestnictwa w kulturze fizycznej, zdecydowana większość społeczeństwa nie dostrzega zależności miedzy zdrowiem a aktywnością ruchową. W badaniu zastosowano metodę sondażu diagnostycznego z wykorzystaniem kwestionariusza ankiety IPAQ (International Physical Activity Questionnaire) – wersja krótka, last 7 days. Materiał badawczy stanowiło 90 respondentów związanych z oświatą. Wyniki badań poddano analizie statystycznej przy użyciu programu Statistica. Stwierdzono, że połowa ankietowanych osób spełnia kryterium dla wystarczającego poziomu aktywności fizycznej. Biorąc pod uwagę płeć respondentów dowiedziono, że wyższą wartość wskaźnika MET-min./tydzień prezentują kobiety. Współczynnik należny masy ciała (BMI) znamiennie różnicuje grupy respondentów zarówno w obrębie całkowitej aktywności fizycznej jak też wysiłków o charakterze intensywnym. Biorąc pod uwagę przynależność do danej grupy społeczno-zawodowej można sądzić, że deklarowany wysiłek fizyczny związany z pracą zawodową, programem studiów lub nauką w wielu przypadkach może odgrywać dominującą rolę – zwłaszcza w grupie nauczycieli wychowania fizycznego i młodzieży studiującej na kierunku Wychowanie Fizyczne bądź Turystyka i Rekreacja.
In contemporary sport the results of objective studies make the ground for effective training and are the proper way to success. Since the study results have been appearing of the women’s play, concerning analysis of the structure and effectiveness of the match activities, there is a need for comparisons between the female and male play. The material for the study comprised all 15 matches played in the 6th Women European Championship, England 2005, and 27 matches played during the men world championship, Korea and Japan 2002. The study method was the systematic external and categorized observation conducted with the help of own study tool - the observation forms. Statistical analysis of the study results was done using the Statistica software. The assessment was used of the differences between the mean values of the passes and shots accuracy coefficients, and of their technical elements. In the analysis, the diversification has been found regarding the structure of game at the main technical elements like passes and shots, between the female and male teams. Significant diversifications concerned the passes accuracy in association with most of the analysed technical elements.
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