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1

Evaluation of antioxidant and anti-lipid peroxidation potentials of Nigella sativa and onion extract on nicotine-induced lung damage

100%
Zaki S. M.
Folia Morphologica
|
2019
|
tom 78
|
nr 3
Background: The present work aimed to compare the protective effect of Nigella sativa (NS) and onion extract on the nicotine-induced lung damage in rats. The antioxidant and anti-lipid peroxidation potentials of both agents on nicotine- -induced lung damage were studied. Materials and methods: Thirty-six Sprague-Dawley albino rats, treated for 18 weeks, were divided into six groups: one negative control group, two positive control groups (oral onion and oral NS), nicotine-treated group, onion extract-treated group (concomitant nicotine and onion extract) and NS-treated group (concomitant nicotine and NS oil). The assessment of lung structure was based on haematoxylin and eosin and transmission electron microscopy. Lung malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase activity (SOD), catalase (CAT), lung glutathione (GSH), and epithelial lining fluid GSH (ELF GSH) were used for assessment of the antioxidant and anti-lipid peroxidation potentials of NS and onion extract. Results: The lung of the nicotine-treated group exhibited emphysematous air spaces, collapsed corrugated alveoli with ruptured interalveolar septa in some specimen and thickened septa in the others, massive congestion, extravasation of red blood cells, inflammatory cellular infiltration and fluid exudate. Much improvement was observed in the onion-treated group despite the presence of residual pathological affection. The lung in the NS-treated group showed the nearly normal architecture with slight congestion. Administration of nicotine promoted lipid peroxidation (elevation of MDA) and decreased the level of the antioxidant markers (SOD, CAT, lung GSH and ELF GSH). With the use of onion extract and NS, the level of MDA decreased by 17.85% and 35.71% while the levels of SOD, CAT, GSH, and ELF GSH increased. The increase was more prominent in the NS-treated group. The levels in the NS-treated group reached nearly the level markers of the control group. Conclusions: Nigella sativa and onion extract attenuate the pathological effect of nicotine in the lung rats through antioxidative and anti-lipid peroxidative mechanisms with higher protection to NS. (Folia Morphol 2019; 78, 3: 554–563)
2

Thyroid hormone dysfunctions affect the structure of rat thoracic aorta: a histological and morphometric study

63%
Zaki S. M., Youssef M. F.
Folia Morphologica
|
2013
|
tom 72
|
nr 4
Background: There are limited data about the influence of hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism on the connective tissue component and smooth muscle cells of the thoracic aorta. The aim was to study the histological changes of the wall of the thoracic aorta in the hypothyroid and hyperthyroid rats. Morphometric measurements were also done. Materials and methods: Thirty adult rats were used. They were divided into control, hyperthyroid, and hypothyroid groups. Each group consisted of 10 rats. The animals were sacrificed at the end of 8 weeks and the descending aorta was excised. Sections were stained with haematoxylin and eosin, orcein and Masson’s trichrome stains. The morphometric measurement included: number of smooth muscle cell nuclei, number of the elastic lamellae, thickness of the tunica media, elastic fibre optic density, and relative collagen area. Results: Atheromatous plagues had been observed in the hyperthyroid group. Thinning and rupture of the elastic lamellae had been observed in the hypothyroid group; these were accompanied with intimal ulceration and aortic dissection. The average number of smooth muscle cell nuclei in the hyperthyroid group had doubled and tripled compared to their fellows in the control and hypothyroid groups, respectively. The thickness of the tunica media increased in the hyperthyroid and hypothyroid groups by 75% and 35%. In addition, the relative collagen area increased in the previously mentioned groups by 142% and 120%, respectively. On the other hand, the mean elastic fibre optic density decreased in both groups by 30%. Conclusions: Structure wall affections of the intima and media of the descending aorta were associated with the thyroid hormone dysfunctions. These changes were more severe in the hypothyroid group. (Folia Morphol 2013; 72, 4: 333–339)
3

Configuration of the circle of Willis and its two parts among Egyptian: a magnetic resonance angiographic study

51%
Zaki S. M., Shaaban M. H., Abd Al Galeel W. A., El Husseiny A. A. W.
Folia Morphologica
|
2019
|
tom 78
|
nr 4
Background: We hypothesized that the collateral circulation differs in different ethnic groups. So, the aim of our work was to study variations of the circle of Willis (COW) among Egyptian and to compare our findings with the findings of other nationalities. Materials and methods: One hundred patients were studied using magnetic resonance angiography (3D-TOF-MRA). Frequency and morphologic variations in COW were studied. The diameters of the arteries of the anterior and posterior circle were verified. Finally, the differences among the mean diameters of these arteries regarding age and sex were also studied. Results: Complete, partially complete and incomplete COW were encountered in 28%, 38% and 34% in the studied cases. The incomplete anterior circle was found in 34% (10% isolated incomplete anterior circle and 24% combined incomplete anterior and posterior circles) and the incomplete posterior circle came across in 62% (38% isolated incomplete posterior circle and 24% combined incomplete anterior and posterior circles). Seven anterior circle variations were found. The commonest type was the classical type “a” with a prevalence of 56%, being higher in male (57.1%). The 2nd common type was type “g” (hypoplasia or aplasia of the anterior communicating artery) with a prevalence of 24%, being higher in male (66.7%). Six posterior circle variations were found. The commonest variation was the classic type “a” with a prevalence of 26%, being higher in male (61.5%). Posterior circles types “d, e, h” (18%, 24%, 20%) constituted 62% and were characterised by hypoplasia/absent of the posterior communicating arteries. Conclusions: The prevalence of complete COW (classic or textbook type) was encountered only 28% of the studied cases. Variations of COW were found to be more common in the posterior circulation (62%). The incomplete anterior circle was found in 34% and it is mostly caused by hypoplasia or aplasia of the anterior communicating artery which was found to be more common compared to the literature. (Folia Morphol 2019; 78, 4: 703–709)
4

Effect of subchronic intake of green tea extract on liver of albino rat histomorphometric, ultrastructural and biochemical study

51%
Zaki S. M., Ahmed S. H., Sayed W. M., Ali A. A.
Folia Morphologica
|
2017
|
tom 76
|
nr 4
Background: There are conflicting reports on the effect of green tea extract (GTE) on the liver of animals. Some studies failed to show any adverse hepatic effects following administration of GTE to mice, rats, and dogs. Others reported severe hepatic necrosis, resulting in death in female Swiss-Webster mice following its administration. The aim of the study was to examine the subchronic toxicity of GTE on the liver of the adult male albino rats. Materials and methods: Forty male adult Wistar albino rats were used in the study. The rats were divided into four groups; group I (control), group II (low-dose green tea), group III (medium-dose green tea) and group IV (high-dose green tea). Histological, biochemical and histomorphometric analyses were done. Results: Mild hepatic affections were observed in group II. The affections were severe in groups III and IV. The central veins and hepatic sinusoids were congested. The hepatocytes were degenerated. Hypertrophy of the hepatic arteries, dilation of the bile ducts and cellular infiltration were clearly observed in the last two groups. Mild degenerative changes were observed in the hepatocytes in rat’s group II; the cytoplasm was rarefied and vacuolated. Some mitochondria were ruptured. The blood sinusoids were congested. The rough endoplasmic retinaculum was fragmented in group III. More degenerative changes were observed in group IV; the hepatic architectures were lost with disruption of cell membranes. Most of the cell organelles were degenerated and most of mitochondria were ballooned. As compared to that of the control groups: the total serum protein values in groups II, III and IV showed a statistically significant decrease (12%, 20% and 21%, respectively), the mean area per cent of collagen fibres in groups III and IV increased 5 and 7 folds. Conclusions: Subchronic administration of GTE resulted in structural and functional affection of the rats’ liver. The dose of 250 mg/kg/day seemed to be safe, while the doses of 500 mg/kg/day and 1000 mg/kg/day had deleterious effect being more evident in the latter dose. (Folia Morphol 2017; 76, 4: 642–649)
5

Anatomical variations of hepatic artery using the multidetector computed tomography angiography

51%
Zaki S. M., Abdelmaksound A. H. K., Khaled B. E. A., Abdel Kader I. A.
Folia Morphologica
|
2020
|
tom 79
|
nr 2
Background: The frequency of normal and aberrant hepatic arteries differs among ethnicities. The aim of our work was to study the frequency of normal and aberrant hepatic arteries among Egyptians using multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) and to compare our prevalence with the prevalence of other nationalities. In addition, the gender differences of such variations were clarified. Moreover, the arterial feeding of hepatic segment IV was determined. Materials and methods: The present study was carried out on 500 patients (409 males and 91 females). Abdominal CT was performed using two MDCT systems, a 64-row, and a 256-slice system. Results: According to Michel’s classification, the normal anatomy (type I) was observed in 369 (73.8%) cases, while anomalous hepatic arterial pattern was detected in 131 (26.2%) cases. These anomalies were distributed as follows: type II in 36 (7.2%) cases, type III in 60 (12%) cases, types IV and V in 5 cases for each (1% each), type VI in 14 (2.8%) and types VIII and IX in a single case for each (0.2% each). Neither type VII nor type X was detected. Nine (1.8%) unclassified cases were observed. According to Hiaat’s classification, the anomalies were distributed as follows: type II in 41 (8.2%) cases, type III in 74 (14.8%) cases, type IV in 6 (1.2%) cases, type V in a single case (0.2%) and type VI in 2 (0.4%) cases. Finally, 7 (1.4%) unclassified cases were observed. Common hepatic artery (CHA) originated from coeliac trunk in 98% (79.8% males and 18.2% females). It originated from the abdominal aorta in 0.4% and from the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) in 0.4%. It was absent in 1.2%. Right hepatic artery (RHA) originated from the CHA in 86.6% (69.8% males and 16.8% females) and from the SMA in 13.2% (11.8% males and 1.4% females) and from the abdominal aorta in 0.2% (a single male case). Left hepatic artery (LHA) originated from the CHA in 91.2% and from the left gastric artery (LGA) in 8.8%. The most common origin of the segment IV blood supply was the LHA in 60.8%, followed by the RHA in 35%. Less commonly, blood supply derived from the hepatic artery proper (HAP) in 1%. Combined supply derived from RHA and LHA in 0.8%, from the LHA and HAP in 2% and the least encountered was from the RHA and HAP in 0.4%. Conclusions: Hepatic artery variations among Egyptians have a different distribution when compared to such variations among other species. The normal hepatic arterial pattern was observed in 73.8%, while the anomalous was detected in 26.2%. The CHA originated from the coeliac trunk in 98%, the RHA originated from the CHA in 86.6% and the LHA originated from the CHA in 91.2%. The most common arterial supply of the hepatic segment IV is derived from the LHA (60.2%). (Folia Morphol 2020; 79, 2: 247–254)
6

N-acetylcysteine versus progesterone on the cisplatin-induced peripheral neurotoxicity

51%
Zaki S. M., Mohamed E. A., Motawie A. G., Abdel Fattah S.
Folia Morphologica
|
2018
|
tom 77
|
nr 2
Background: Cisplatin-induced peripheral nerve neurotoxicity (CIPN) is the main obstacle in cisplatin treatment. The aim of this study was to compare the modulatory effects of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and progesterone on CIPN, because there are scarce literature data on the protective effect of the progesterone on the CIPN. Materials and methods: Twenty-four rats were divided into four groups: control, cisplatin-treated, concomitant cisplatin-treated and NAC-treated, and concomitant cisplatin-treated and progesterone-treated. Electron microscopic, immunohistochemical, real time polymerase chain reaction and histomorphometric analysis; oxidative/antioxidative markers (MDA/GSH and SOD), neurotoxic/ neuroprotective markers (iNOS/nNOS), inflammatory mediators (TNF-α and NF-κB) and BAX were done. Results: The myelin sheath in the cisplatin-treated group elucidated infolding. The myelin was disfigured, degenerated, and extensively split with areas of focal loss. The axoplasm was atrophic. Ballooning and vacuolations of the mitochondria with alterations of Remak bundles structures were observed. Fewer of these changes were noted in the NAC and progesterone-treated groups. Decrease of the antioxidant SOD and GSH (81% and 64%) and increase of the oxidant MDA (9 folds), increment of the neurotoxic iNOS (1.9 folds) and decrement of the neuroprotective nNOS (64%) and elevation of the inflammatory mediators’ TNF-a and NF-kB (8.3 and 11 folds) in the cisplatin-treated group. Increase of the antioxidant SOD (1.3 and 2.5 folds) and GSH (120% and 79%) and decrease of the oxidant MDA (69% and 88%), decrement of the neurotoxic iNOS (56% and 68%) and increment of the neuroprotective nNOS (1.6 and one folds) and elevation of the inflammatory mediators’ TNF-a and NF-κB were observed in the NAC and progesterone-treated groups, respectively. Conclusions: The toxic effect of CIPN might be attributed to either oxidative or severe inflammatory stress. Progesterone is efficient in ameliorating these effects; however, NAC is better. (Folia Morphol 2018; 77, 2: 234–245)
7

The differential effects of high-fat and high- -fructose diets on the liver of male albino rat and the proposed underlying mechanisms

51%
Zaki S. M., Fattah S. A., Hassan D. S.
Folia Morphologica
|
2019
|
tom 78
|
nr 1
Background: The Western-style diet is characterised by the high intake of energy- -dense foods. Consumption of either high-fructose diet or saturated fat resulted in the development of metabolic syndrome. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the hepatic manifestation of the metabolic syndrome. Many researchers studied the effect of high-fat diet (HFD), high-fructose diet (HFruD) and high-fructose high-fat diet (HFHF) on the liver. The missing data are the comparison effect of these groups i.e. are effects of the HFHF diet on the liver more pronounced? So, this study was designed to compare the metabolic and histopathological effect of the HFD, HFruD, and HFHF on the liver. The proposed underlying mechanisms involved in these changes were also studied. Materials and methods: Twenty four rats were divided into four groups: control, HFD, HFruD, and HFHF. Food was offered for 6 weeks. Biochemical, light microscopic, immunohistochemical (Inducible nitric oxide synthase [iNOS] and alpha-smooth muscle actin [α-SMA]), real-time polymerase chain reaction (gene expression of TNF-α, interleukin-6, Bax, BCL-2, and caspase 3), histomorphometric analysis and oxidative/antioxidative markers (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances [TBARS], malondialdehyde [MDA]/glutathione [GSH] and superoxide dismutase [SOD]) were done. Results: The HFD, HFruD and HFHF groups developed a cluster of liver disorders; steatosis, necrosis, inflammation, apoptosis, ballooning degeneration and cytoplasmic vacuolations. Internal metabolic impairments include elevated serum levels of glucose, triglycerides, low density lipoprotein and decreased serum levels of high density lipoprotein and albumin. The immunoreaction of the α-SMA and iNOS was strong in these groups. The oxidant markers (MDA and TBARS) were elevated, while the antioxidant markers (SOD and GSH) were decreased. The area per cent of collagen, inflammatory markers, caspase 3 and Bax were elevated, while the BCL-2/Bax ratio was decreased. The decrease in PAS, antioxidant markers and the elevation of the α-SMA, iNOS, inflammatory and oxidant markers were obvious in the HFHF when compared to that of the other groups. Conclusions: High-fat diet, HFruD, and HFHF developed morphologic hepatic changes ranging from steatosis to necrosis and inflammation, besides the development of internal metabolic impairments. The chief factors of hepatic injury were fat accumulation in the hepatocytes, oxidative stress and highly elevated iNOS. Compared to the other groups, HFHF’s effect was more prominent. (Folia Morphol 2019; 78, 1: 124–136)
8

Stress-induced changes in the aged-rat adrenal cortex. Histological and histomorphometric study

45%
Zaki S. M., Abdelgawad F. A., El-Shaarawy E. A. A., Radwan R. A. K., Aboul-hoda B. E.
Folia Morphologica
|
2018
|
tom 77
|
nr 4
Background: Stress exposure exerts direct effects on the morphology and functionality of the adrenal cortex. In addition, ageing effects growth, differentiation, apoptosis and cellularity of the cortex. The missing data is the combined effect of stress and ageing on the adrenal cortex. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the structural changes in the adrenal cortex following the exposure to stress in the adult and aged albino rats. Materials and methods: Forty rats were divided into groups I and II (adult and senile). Each group was further subdivided into subgroups a and b (control and stressed). Light and electron microscopic studies were done. Area per cent of collagen fibres (Masson’s trichrome-stained sections), number of proliferating cells (optical density immunoreactivity in the Ki67 stained sections) and thickness of the three adrenal zones were also measured. Results: Lamellar separation of the capsule with subcapsular spindle cell hyperplasia and areas of ghost cells were observed in zona glomerulosa (ZG) and zona fasciculata (ZF) in group I-b. Separation and indentation of the capsule with its lamellar separation were observed in group II-a with the existence of multiple scattered degenerative foci in ZF and zona reticularis (ZR). Similar and aggressive was the architectural pattern of ZF in group II-b with the presence of areas of homogenous degeneration. The nuclei of ZG had marginated chromatin in group I-b and were pyknotic with deformed irregular outlines in group II-b. Multiple lysosomes and vacuolar degeneration mitochondria were also seen in group I-b. The nuclei of ZF were irregular with condensed marginated heterochromatin in group I-b, irregular with scattered chromatin in group II-a and indented with areas of chromatin destruction in group II-b. Mitochondria with disrupted cristae and cristolysis were also detected in group I-b. Numerous lipofuscin granules and dilated smooth endoplasmic reticulum were revealed in group II-b. The mean collagen fibre area per cent and the mean number of the proliferating cells in group II-b were significantly higher by 39% and 23%. The thickness of ZG decreased significantly by 20% in group I-b. Contrary, the thickness of both ZF and ZR increased significantly by 10% in group I-b. Conclusions: Histological alterations occurred in the adrenal cortex in response to stress, especially when coupled with the advance of age. This was accompanied by increase in the area per cent of collagen fibres and increase in the mean number of the proliferating cells in the adrenal cortex. (Folia Morphol 2018; 77, 4: 629–641)
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