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1

Muscle blood flow as an indicator of anaerobic threshold in young athletes – A near infrared spectroscopy study

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Chroboczek M., Jakubowska M., Kujach S., Luszczyk M., Laskowski R.
Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity. The Journal of Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport
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2017
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tom 09
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nr 3
Background: In this study we evaluated the effect of exercise with increasing intensity until exhaustion on muscle tissue oxygenation in children. Furthermore, we tested the hypothesis that a decrease in muscle indirect blood flow (O₂Hb) predicts the anaerobic threshold determined by analysis of ventilation parameters. Material/Methods: Five, young, school-aged tennis players were engaged in this study (age 16.2 ±1.63 years, VO₂max 56.7 ±2.00 ml · kg⁻¹ · min⁻¹). Changes in oxygenated hemoglobin (HbO₂), deoxygenated hemoglobin (HHB), blood volume (tHb = HbO₂ + HHB) and muscle tissue oxygenation (TOI%) in the right vastus lateralis muscle, using a near-infrared spectrometer were recorded. Results: The hemodynamic values (HHB, tHb) increased as expected depending on the exercise intensity. Therefore, NIRS data precedes the occurrence of AT determined by the analysis of ventilation parameters, which in the case of the V-slope method was achieved at 75% VO₂max. Conclusions: A correlation between the parameters of muscle tissue oxygenation and ventilation parameters shows that the anaerobic threshold occurs as a result of deoxygenation of a muscle tissue.
2

Effect of aerobic and resistance interval exercises on peripheral concentration of neuroprotective proteins and human cognitive abilities

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Kujach S., Olek R., Chroboczek M., Figula T., Laskowski R.
Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis
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2019
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tom 79
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nr Suppl.1
INTRODUCTION: A growing number of human studies suggest that regular physical activity can improve not only physical but also mental health. Most interventions are based on continuous-aerobic-mild to moderate intensity exercise, which requires people to make a sufficient time commitment and are often indicated as less enjoyable and boring, which is a known limiting factor. Given the markedly lower training volume, interval training is a time-efficient strategy that induces rapid muscle and cardio‑respiratory adaptations. Therefore, the interval exercise protocol was successfully applied in many health-oriented programs focusing on the prevention of metabolic and cardio‑respiratory diseases. However, studies evaluating the effects of interval exercise on brain functions are limited. AIM(S): The aim of this study was to investigate whether aerobic and resistance interval exercises affect the peripheral concentration of selected neuroprotective proteins (BDNF, IGF‑1, VEGF), as well as, modulate human cognition. METHOD(S): The study involved Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport students. The main experiment consisted of three trial sessions, control (CON), aerobic high-intensity interval exercise (AHIE), and resistance high-intensity interval exercise (RHIE), separated by at least one week. Before and after interval exercises, a growth factor (BDNF, IGF‑1, VEGF) assay was applied using the ELISA method. An auditory verbal paired‑associate learning task was used to assess memory. RESULTS: Both interval exercise protocols modulate peripheral concentration of selected neuroprotective proteins. Obtained results of cognitive functions indicated that acute interval exercise significantly improved memory in young adults. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that the proposed interval exercise can induce beneficial changes in human cognition through an increase in peripheral neuroprotective protein concentrations.
3

Usage of near infrared spectroscopy in physiotherapy

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Chroboczek M., Jablonska A., Kubiak R., Kujach S., Luszczyk M., Laskowski R.
Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity. The Journal of Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport
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2017
|
tom 09
|
nr 3
Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is increasingly used as a local tissue oxygenation equipment and it fulfills the functions of an efficient local microcirculation and a concussion growth monitor. Using it in surgery, physiotherapy or rescue indicates a high interdisciplinary diagnostic potential, which could lead us to improve the quality of patients’ lives. The aim of this study was to review literature related to the physiotherapy aspect of using near infrared spectroscopy and to the consideration given to the development of this method. A review of literature related to the topic. Research shows that NIRS is a good tool to assess the changing state of microcirculation in the monitored area. As mentioned above, NIRS can be used in a number of methods available in traditional medicine and physiotherapy. This work is only a set of selected methods, but the development of technology can help to minimize the dimensions of such devices, and to maximize the effects and use of this method, which will certainly make the healing process easier.
4

Effect of sprint interval exercises on peripheral level of neuroprotective proteins and human cognitive abilities

86%
Kujach S., Olek R., Kubiak R., Chroboczek M., Majkutewicz I., Laskowski R.
Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis
|
2017
|
tom 77
|
nr Suppl.1
INTRODUCTION: Overwhelming amount of scientific evidence suggest that regular physical activity is effective in the prevention of chronic diseases. Most adults do not meet even the minimum guidelines for regular physical efforts. Numerous studies have shown that the main reason for the absence of regular exercise is lack of time. Interval training is a potent, time‑efficient therapeutic intervention that is more effective than continuous exercise. Certain evidence indicates that Sprint Interval Exercises (SIE) may result in rapid phenotypic changes in both the cardiovascular system and in the skeletal muscle. However, studies evaluating the effects of SIE on cognitive functions are limited. AIM(S): The aim of this study was to investigate whether SIE affects the peripheral level of selected neuroprotective proteins (BDNF, IGF-1, VEGF) as well as modulate human cognition. METHOD(S): The study involved Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport students. Subjects were divided in two groups: Sprint Interval Exercise and Control group. To evaluate serum concentrations of BDNF, IGF-1 and VEGF the ELISA method was applied. Cognitive testing include: Stroop interference test, Adult Intelligence Scale Wechsler WAIS-R – Repeat numbers subtest and Trail Making Test part A and B. RESULTS: SIE contributed to a significant, transient increase of three neurotrophins BDNF, IGF-1, VEGF. Obtained results of cognitive functions indicated that acute SIE significantly improved selected human cognitive abilities performance. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that proposed SIE can induce positive changes in neuroprotective proteins improving human cognition. Given the growing number of people with cognitive impairment around the world, there is a recognized need for further research, explaining how specific exercise can influence the improvement of these functions. Such studies can be viewed as another important step towards the development of non-pharmacological therapeutic strategies in improving human cognitive function. FINANCIAL SUPPORT: This work was supported by the Polish National Science Center under Grant No: 2012/07/N/ NZ7/01902.
5

The impact of 32 days' exposure to hypobaric hypoxia on physiological cost of sub-maximal work performed at the sea level

86%
Kujach S., Grzywacz T., Ziemann E., Szymczak R., Luszczyk M., Laskowski R.
Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity. The Journal of Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport
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2011
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tom 03
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nr 1
Many papers showed that long-lasting exposure to hypobaric hypoxia changed the metabolic cost of work and substrate contribution, elevating exercise energy expenditure and carbohydrates utilization. Only few of them have shown how long this adaptive changes are maintained. The aim of the study was to assess the impact of prolonged sojourn at high altitude on the physiological cost of sub-maximal work performed at the sea level.Eight members of two high altitude expeditions (Lenin Peak 7,134 m a.s.l. and Somoni Peak 7,495m a.s.l.), 7 males and 1 female, mean age 26 (±4.1) years, volunteered for this study. Aerobic performance was measured by a direct method (breath-by-breath) using an expiratory gas analyser (Oxycon Pro, Jaeger) with an incremental exercise test till exhaustion. The sea level examinations were performed 7 days before the expedition (BEx) and 7 days after (AEx) the last day at over 2,500m a.s.l. Participants spent 32 (±3) days over 2,500m a.s.l. at the mean altitude of 4,712m a.s.l. (±499m).Prolonged sojourn at high altitude has changed the ventilatory parameters of sub-maximal work measured at the sea level. The sojourn resulted in an increase in the ventilatory volume (tidal volume, minute ventilation and breath frequency) during the sub-maximal work performed with the same workload. However, the respiratory exchange ratio remained at a high level compared to the baseline.We suggest that the adaptive changes introduced during the sojourn remain at the sea level and cause increased carbohydrate metabolism.
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