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The presence of poly-ci's-prenols of chain length 20-60 isoprene units or longer in leaves of plants belonging to Combretaceae family was shown to be a common feature in this group of plants. The polyprenols of this type were found in half of the 20 species studied. In most cases the polyprenols occurred in the form of fatty acid esters. Only in one species — Combretum molle, the polyprenols were found in the form of free alcohols. The amount of long-chain polyprenols varied with the plant species; the richest source was C. molle (about 4% of dry mass of leaves). Polyprenol groups characteristic of other systematic families of plants were not found in the Combre­taceae studied
Var i ous spe cies and cultivars of Ericaceae fam ily were checked for the pres ence of long-chain polyprenols in their leaves. In the ge nus Rhododendron no polyprenols were found in the ever-green spe cies, while they were pres ent in the de cid u ous type. The polyprenols were of chain-length of 14-20 isoprene res i dues and they oc curred in the form of acetic acid esters. The polyprenol accu mu la tion is dis cussed with re­spect to se nes cence of leaves.
In green needles of Pinus mugo the most abundant polyprenols occur as a mixture of prenologues in which the dominant alcohol is built of 16 isoprene units. The characteristic spectrum of polyprenols (prenol-15, -16 and -17) was the same irrespective of the location of plant and of distinct morphological differences observed in the various selected forms of this species. The constant pattern of the polyprenols spectrum was preserved throughout the 2-year life span of needles, although the level of polyprenols was increased 2-3-fold. The polyprenol pattern in Pinaceae family differs from species to species, thus it may serve as chemotaxonomic criterion within this systematic group.
In many plants belonging to angiosperms and gymnosperms the accumulation in leaves of long chain polyprenols and polyprenyl esters during growth in natural habitats depends on the light intensity. The amount of polyprenols in leaves is also positively correlated with the thickness of the leaf blade (SLA, specific leaf area). The polyprenol content of leaves shows seasonal changes with a maximum in autumn and a minimum in early summer with the difference between poorly and well illuminated plants persisting throughout the vegetation season.
In vitro cultivated plant cells and tissues were found to synthesize polyisoprenoids. Taxus baccata suspension cell cultures accumulated polyisoprenoids of the same pattern as the parental tissue; methyl jasmonate or chitosan treatment almost doubled their content. All the root cultures studied accumulated dolichols as predominant polyisoprenoids. Roots of Ocimum sanctum grown in vitro accumulated approx. 2.5-fold higher amount of dolichols than the roots of soil-grown plants. Dolichols dominated over polyprenols in all Triticum sp. tissues studied.
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