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The average composition of amino acid profile of feed’s protein (0) was compared with the amino acid rumen undegraded protein (RUP), by calculating the distances of x² between each file of two proteins. The greater value of x², the greater difference between compared proteins. The biggest distance in cereals between 0 fraction and RUP was noted for rye (x² = 73.97), lower for barley (x² = 31.22) and the lowest for wheat (x² = 20.6). The composition of wheat AARUP is the closest to the AA content in feed. The differences in 0 protein fraction and RUP were of a little importance for soybean meal and for field bean (x² = 15.3 and x² = 23.4, respectively). Bigger distance level between protein fractions was noted for peas (x² = 81.2). Amino acid profiles of 0 fraction and amino acid profiles of RUP in hay of the Italian rye-grass and of the red clover were similar (x² = 46.5 and x² = 59.6, respectively), but they were considerably different from analogous protein fractions of meadow fescue and perennial rye-grass (x² = 144.5 and x² = 167.86, respectively).
The present study reports the treatment methods for two dogs with tooth-occlusion abnormalities using orthodontic-jaw appliances. The prevailing majority of dental topographic disorders deal with pathological tooth positioning in the dental arch. This type of dental abnormality in juvenile dogs may produce damage of the oral cavity mucosa that consequently develops non-healing decubitus ulcers. In such instances orthodontic procedures designed to correct the causative teeth positioning in the dental arch remain the treatment of choice. Dogs with occlusal disharmony can be provided with an orthodontic cure through mounting a fixed active appliance or Schwarz single-jaw plate.
Trzyletnie doświadczenie (1993 - 1995), założone metodą split-plot, przeprowadzono w RZD Pawłowice k. Wrocławia. Celem badań zrealizowanych w 1993 - 1995 było określenie wpływu siewu bezpośredniego traw (kupkówki pospolitej, kostrzewy łąkowej) oraz koniczyny łąkowej na zmiany składu chemicznego, wartości energetycznej (JPM, JPŻ) i białkowej (BTJN, BTJE) runi łąkowej. Czynnikami zmiennymi były również terminy podsiewu (wiosna; lato - po II-gim pokosie) oraz nawożenie mineralne (PK, PK+90 kg N/ha, PK+180 kg N/ha). Termin podsiewu nie wywarł znaczącego wpływu, biorąc pod uwagę średnie wyniki z trzech lat, na skład chemiczny, wartość energetyczną i białkową w poszczególnych pokosach. Nawożenie azotowe w dawce 180 kg/ha podwyższało ilość białka ogólnego na obiektach kontrolnych (średnio o 2 jednostki procentowe) oraz podsianych kupkówką pospolitą i kostrzewą łąkową (średnio o 3 jednostki procentowe). Niezależnie od terminu siewu, najwyższą wartość białkową, wyrażoną w BTJ odnotowano dla II-ego i III-ego pokosu w runi łąkowej nawożonej dawką 180 kg N/ha na obiektach podsianych kupkówką pospolitą i kostrzewą łąkową.
The experiment was conducted in three oxen about 350 kg BW in Latin square design. The basic diet consisted of barley grain, meadow hay and mineral mixture. The diets were supplemented with avoparcin and Zn-bacitracin of 20 and 35 mg per kg of the ration (DM basis), respectively. The preliminary period lasted 30 days for each cycle of in situ measurements. The Ca, Mg, K, Na, Cu, Zn content was estimated in the feed samples (rye grain, wheat grain, barley grain, peas seed, horse bean and soyabean meal) and in bag-residues. The ranking of mineral release in animals fed without any antibiotics was as follows: K (98,4%) > Mg (92,2) > Na (89,6) > Cu (86,6) > Zn (72,7) > Ca (20,1) and in animals fed with antibiotics the ranking, except of Na was similar: K (99,4) > Na (97,6) > Mg (94,0) > Cu (91,9) > Zn (75,0) > Ca (3,4) and: K (99,5) > Na (98,4) > Mg (93,4) > Cu (90,9) > Zn (65,3) > Ca (11,87) for avoparcin and Zn-bacitracin, respectively.
The field experiments were carried out in 1994–1996 and were aimed at determining the nutritional value of mixtures containing Trifolium pratense L. + Lolium perenne L., Lolium multiflorum Lam., Lolium multiflorum Lam. var. westerwoldicum and Lolium x boucheanum Kunth. and Trifolium pratense L. + Festuca pratensis Huds.. Based on the botanical analysis, chemical composition and nutritional value, an attempt has been made to determine the variability of the parameters depending on the grass species. The percentages of grasses varied significantly and the variability expressed in the coefficient of variance ranged from 44 to 72.
Mandible fractures in animals result mainly from traffic accidents, falling and biting by other animals. This paper presents clinical management of mandible fractures in animals. The most common methods of mandible fracture fixation with the use of interdental wire, intramedullary nails, bone plates and acrylic devices have been reviewed. In conclusion, methodological approach to mandible fracture fixation depends on the size of the bone defect as well as technical possibilities and the surgeon’s experience. The major condition of recovery is obtaining the mandible bone stabilisation and proper occlusion. The postoperative treatment is also very important: one should consider whether the muzzle, oropharyngeal tube etc. should be used. In order to prevent further complications, appropriate antibioticotherapy and regular hygiene of oral cavity should be applied.
A premolar tooth reconstruction procedure was performed on a dog whose tooth was lost due to a trauma. After surgical removal of the tooth’s roots, a decision was made to reconstruct it with the use of a Titologic implant produced by Dentaurum. No complications occurred during either the implantation procedure or the subsequent healing period. Except for the shortened healing period resulting from the much faster tissue regeneration in dogs the procedures employed reflected those typical for the treatment of humans. The article presents the early post-procedure examination results as well as the clinical condition after a six month observation period. During control visits no symptoms of periimplantitis were observed that would indicate complications resulting from faulty implantation, bone overheating, inadequate implant loading, or the lack of or insufficient hygienic regimen.
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