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The article presents a concept for resolving problem of reconciling the construction of piggeries with available pig fanning technology. The algorithm and databases presented here will enable automatization of modernizing pig farm livestock buildings, thereby enabling assembly of best process for the farm, without need to enter into databases all of the possible combinations of farming operations and machines and equipment usable in pig farming. An interesting feature is also the possibility to expand - in an unrestricted manner - the files describing machinery and equipment and the numbers of pens and feed corridors. The issue is important inasmuch as the introduction of a new livestock feeding method does not require the modification of algorithm itself; it is sufficient to modify the constant data.
W pracy przedstawiono strukturę i zakres informacji uwzględnionych w bazach danych opracowywanego systemu doradztwa dla producentów trzody chlewnej. Bazy danych dotyczą technologii produkcji, środków technicznych do realizacji poszczególnych czynności oraz ograniczeń wynikających z warunków otoczenia w jakich realizowana bedzie produkcja.
Paper presents the structure of data bases containing information on technical means for mechanizing works in the piggeries. Dialogue windows connected with the software of data input to the bases of technical advisory for swine producers were illustrated. The programme enables to input data on machines and devices to particular system files, to complement the information on existing equipment as well as fast retrieval and acquisition of information on technical means in the bases. Representation of the data characteristic for given piggery and its technical equipment makes possible versatile analyses and - consequently - the selection of most convenient technological options.
Przedstawiono strukturę baz danych dotyczących systemu doradztwa dla gospodarstw specjalizujących się w produkcji trzody chlewnej. Odwzorowanie danych charakteryzujących chlewnię, wyposażenie techniczne oraz warunki otoczenia pozwala na dokonanie analiz umożliwiających wybór najkorzystniejszych rozwiązań technologicznych.
On the base of metabolic unit body size an analysis of heat produced by broiler chickens was made. Three schemes for determination of total heat loss were analyzed. Equation 1 and 2 were described in the literature, and equation 3 was worked out by the authors. They were used to determine equation 4, which was consistent with that recommended by the International Organization of Agricultural Engineering. The balance of farm buildings requires definition of sensible heat. The authors suggest to calculate its values from own empirical equation 7, which is a result of data obtained from other papers and mathematical analysis of data obtained on the base of own research. The presented equations specify the amount and character of heat transmitted to the environment and may be used for designing air conditioning systems for broiler buildings.
Authors presented the structure and range of information necessary to develop a method of selecting machines and equipment for piggeries. Presented data deal with feed characteristics, working operations connected with structural process of feed preparation and distribution, technical means for operation performance and some limits affected by process organization. On the basis of mentioned considerations following conclusions may be formulated: 1. Irrespective of non-linear limits and goal function, the schedule of using provided technical equipment must be determined to select the solution; thus, no methods used previously may be a basis for complex solution of the problem 2. Attainable fast computer technique enables to develop a new method which eliminates some gaps existing at previous ways of solving labour mechanization problems in piggeries.
Podstawą rozważań było wykorzystanie energii cieplnej wytwarzanej przez tuczniki utrzymywane w temperaturach otoczenia zgodnych z zaleceniami CIGR i SFBIU do uzyskania odpowiednich warunków siedliskowych. Wykonane obliczenia wskazują na możliwość uzyskania optymalnych efektów produkcyjnych bez konieczności dogrzewania pomieszczeń.
Przedstawiono metodę określania strat ciepła na wyparowanie wody w pomieszczeniach dla trzody chlewnej. Zaproponowano określanie strat ciepła na podstawie obliczeń fizjologicznych wartości bilansu wodnego zwierząt.
On the basis of testing ventilation in 9 piggeries of individual farms in Lublin region, the values of humidity correction were computed for given ventilation rate determined from total heat balance. Stability of heat and mass exchange within particular test periods were evaluated and used for computation. The tested piggeries differed each other in building design, cubature and aeration systems at similar technologies of housing and feeding the animals. Either heat absorbing capacity and ventilation intensity in winter time in all piggeries were insufficient. Obtained values of humidity correction fluctuated within the range of -31,2-77,9 % physiological water vapour production, at the average exceeding 35 %. Analysis of test results showed that the value of humidity correction did not considerably depend on the factors such as animal stock concentration, season or heat absorbing capacity of building, usually affecting the correction value.
Badania wykazały niezadowalający stan techniczny i higieniczny dojarek oraz niewłaściwą technikę doju. Stwierdzono także pogorszenie się zdrowotności wymion krów, zwłaszcza w ostatnich latach.
Przedstawiono poglądy dotyczące metodyk badań podstawowych. Wskazano, iż uzyskane wyniki mogą być interpretowane w sposób dowolny, zależny od wiedzy i rozsądku badacza.
Paper presents the examples of using elaborated method of selecting technical equipment for feed preparation and distribution. In 10 piggeris on individual farms newly designed solutions were compared with the equipment existing previously. Machines and devices selected according to presented method enable the preparation and distribution of feeds for pigs within assumed disposal time at considerable saving of labour input (up to 50%). The equipment may be also selected according to following goal functions: minimizing energy input, minimizing task realization time or minimizing investment cost of equipment and - considering the factors such as specific operation costs of equipment - also minimizing the costs of equipment maintenance. The method may be used for complex selection of equipment in any piggery.
The classes describing essential elements of the process of feed preparation and distribution in piggeries are presented. They contain the information on production specialities, herd structure, feeding rules, machines and equipment used for labour mechanization, conditions limiting the choice of optimum solution. An algorithm for selecting equipment depending on various criteria was described; the goal function may deal with minimizing energy input, labour input, task realization time, equipment investment costs or maximizing the profit. The algorithm was proprammed in PASCAL 6.0 language for IBM PC/AT computer. Fast complex solutions of technical equipment for piggeries may be easy obtained by using presented method. Data base design enables the reconstruction of given technology without necessity of putting all technological options in the computer. Method was satisfactory verified by the correctness of obtained solutions.
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