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Macrogastra ventricosa, previously known only as subfossil in central Poland, was found in an alder forest in the Żerkowsko-Czeszewski Landscape Park.
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Malacocoenoses of alder carrs (Wielkopolska, Poland)

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Malacoceonoses of alder carrs in 20 localities in central Wielkopolska, on the Warta River, were composed of 46 species of terrestrial gastropods. The density ranged from 16 to 828 indiv./m2, the species diversity (H) from 1.48 to 3.75. In the summer in litter the most frequent and most abundant species were Carychium minimum, Perforatella incarnata, Zonitoides nitidus, Nesovitrea hammonis, Cochlicopa lubrica and Discus rotundatus. The following species are common to alder forests of Poland (Chodzie¿ Region, boundary of Wielkopolska, Silesia and Cracow-Wieluñ Jura, Kaczawskie Mts, banks of the Smolnica River in the Notecka Forest and central Wielkopolska): C. minimum, Succinea putris, S. oblonga, C. lubrica, Euconulus fulvus, Punctum pygmaeum, Vitrea crystallina, Aegopinella pura and Arion circumscriptus.
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Terrestrial gastropods of the park in Obrzycko

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Species composition and structure of the malacocoenosis of the park in Obrzycko are described. Thirty species of terrestrial snails were identified, with Arianta arbustorum as superdominant, and eudominants represented by Succinea putris and Helix pomatia. The dominants included Clausilia bidentata, Arion subfuscus, Trichia hispida and Cochlicopa lubrica. The malacocoenosis is polymictic; the indices of species diversity (H’=3.11) and equitability (J’=0.63) are high. Synanthropic and euryoecious species prevail; biogeographically European and Holarctic species are the most numerous.
A 15-month study in a beech forest and alder forest in a nature reserve Buki nad Jeziorem Lutomskim revealed the presence of 36 land gastropod species of 14 families. Euryoecious species and forest species of European distribution dominated. The mean density of gastropods in the beech forest was 36 indiv./m2, in the alder forest 27 indiv./m2. The density in the beech and alder forest was the highest in winter, the lowest in summer. A highly significant correlation was found between the density and the number of species. In the beech forest malacocenosis, the superdominant was Discus rotundatus (O. F. Müller), the eudominant being Cochlodina laminata (Montagu). In the alder forest, no superdominant could be distinguished, the eudominants being Discus rotundatus (O. F. Müller) and Cochlodina laminata (Montagu). Dominant species, as well as the number of species, species diversity, equitability and frequency varied between months. In the beech forest Discus rotundatus (O. F. Müller) – an accessory species – showed the highest frequency; in the alder forest all species were accidental. Juvenile individuals were more numerous than adults in spring samples from the beech forest and in autumn samples from the alder forest.
The paper presents data on 10 terrestrial snail species: Platyla polita (W. Hartmann, 1840), Carychium (Carychium) minimum O. F. Müller, 1774, C. (Saraphia) tridentatum (Risso, 1826), Succinea putris (Linnaeus, 1758), Succinella oblonga (Draparnaud, 1801), Oxyloma (Oxyloma) elegans (Risso, 1826), O. (O.) sarsii (Esmark, 1886), Cochlicopa lubrica (O. F. Müller, 1774), C. lubricella (Rossmässler, 1834), C. nitens (M. von Gallenstein, 1848), recorded over the last fifty years in the Wielkopolska district (W. Poland). They include species location in the UTM grid on the map of Wielkopolska. Among those species Cochlicopa lubrica (663 sites) and Succinea putris (422 sites) are the most frequent in Wielkopolska.
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Malacocenoses of five beech forests in Poland

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Eighty species of terrestrial gastropods were found in five beech forests in Poland: in two forests of W. Pomeranian Lakeland 36 species, in Wielkopolska 30 species, in Carpathian beech forests of the Pieniny Mts 49 species and in the Beskid Niski Mts 26 species. The mean density in the beech forests in the Pieniny, Beskid Niski, Wielkopolska, acid and rich beechwood of W. Pomeranian Lakeland was 185, 86, 36, 36 and 10 indiv. m-2, respectively. Dominant species in the Pieniny and Beskid Niski were Aegopinella pura (Alder), Carychium tridentatum (Risso), and in the lowland forests Discus rotundatus (O.F. Müller) and Aegopinella nitidula (Draparnaud). European elements and forest species dominated in such habitats. Montane beech forests showed a higher species diversity compared to lowland forests. The Carpathian beech forest in the Pieniny Mts had the highest mean density, number of species and species diversity. Aegopinella pura, Vitrea crystallina (O.F. Müller), Discus rotundatus and Cochlodina laminata (Montagu) can be regarded as indicator species of beech forests.
The terrestrial gastropod fauna of the Drawa National Park includes 39 species, of which 29 (74.4%) were present in quantitative samples and subject to quantitative analysis. Dominant species were Aegopinella nitidula (Drap.), Discus rotundatus (O. F. Müll.) and Vitrea crystallina (O. F. Müll.). Snail communities of acid beech forest and a ruderal site with park tree stands in a mixed forest with beech had the highest species diversity index H’, while those of a eutrophic lowland beech forest and acid oak forest showed the highest TDI index of species diversity, and equitability index (J). The mean snail density was 19.3 indiv. m-2. The presence of Macrogastra ventricosa (Drap.), Laciniaria plicata (Drap.), Bulgarica cana (Held) and Helicigona lapicida (L.) is noteworthy.
The malacocoenosis of rich Carpathian beech forest Dentario glandulosae-Fagetum of the Magura National Park includes 26 species. The most abundant species in quantitative samples was Carychium tridentatum (Risso), in qualitative samples – Macrogastra latestriata (A. Schmidt). The mean density was 86 indiv. m–2. Dominant species were C. tridentatum, Aegopinella pura (Alder) and Vitrea crystallina (O. F. Müller). The species diversity index H’ (2.2) and the Pielou index J (30%) were low. The community included mostly typical forestdwellers. Biogeographically, montane, C. European (lowland and highland), and European components dominated. In its structure the malacocoenosis was much similar to that of the Carpathian beech forest of the Pieniny National Park. Shell parameters in the population of Macrogastra latestriata differed from those found in the Beskid Zachodni and were close to those from the Eastern Carpathian foothills.
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