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In a climax community where all species are sharing relatively similar and stable habitat, there are differences in leaf traits between deciduous trees and shrubs and dominant species and companion species, especially in leaf lifespan (LLs). What are the differences of relationships among leaf traits between deciduous trees and shrubs? What are the mechanisms of this phenomenon? Here, we presented a one-year observation and recorded the LLs followed a modified method in a Quercus aliena var. acuteserrata forest in the north slope of the Qinling Mountains, China. We found that (i) Different species in the same stand performed quite differently in their LLs (P <0.005). Average LLs of shrubs was slightly longer (P = 0.05) than that of deciduous trees. (ii) LLs showed a significant negative correlation with specific leaf area (SLA) and leaf nitrogen content (LNC) (P <0.05) in deciduous trees, however, a significant positive correlation with LNC and leaf carbon content (LCC) (P <0.05) was detected in shrubs. (iii) The comparison of the traits between dominant and companion species in arbor layer and shrub layer showed that there was no significant difference in LLs, LCC and LNC, except SLA in arbor layer. Our study indicated that the amount of light, at the community scale, might be a main factor determining the LLs of wood plants in deciduous forest. The difference between trees and shrubs in relationships among leaf traits suggests that deciduous trees and shrubs may take different strategies to adapt to the environment. SLA is likely to be a marker trait to distinguish dominant and companion species in arbor layer of deciduous broad leaved forest.
The FecB gene has been shown to be crucial in reproduction in many sheep breeds. It is a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) located in the bone morphogenetic protein receptor IB (BMPRIB)gene. The current methods for genotyping the FecB mutation are either slow and laborious or expensive. In this report, a single-step amplification approach suitable for FecB genotyping method is described. Multiplex PCR was performed with four primers on the basis of tetraprimer amplification refractory mutation system PCR (tetra-primer ARMS PCR), then three FecB genotypes can be detected after electrophoresis. Genotyping results of the proposed multiplex PCR occurred to be in complete accordance with forced PCR-RFLP of all samples. It is a rapid and simple method for detection of FecB in a larger number of samples, and is suitable for other SNPs detection with specific primers even in most “low-tech” laboratories.
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