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Genetic differentiation of Calypogeia muelleriana s.l. was studied using isozyme analysis. Two forms of this species: typical and atypical were reported from Poland. The 10 putative loci in 7 enzyme systems were analyzed in 58 samples: 34 of the typical and 15 of atypical form. The isozyme studies revealed that the typical and atypical forms of C. muelleriana in Poland are clearly genetically different. Typical plants morphologically correspond to the type specimen of C. muelleriana, but atypical form is a new, genetically distinct but unrecognized so far taxon. Each group is defined by several fixed alleles present in all populations. The UPGMA dendrogram based on Nei’s genetic distances shows that both taxa (C. muelleriana and the newly detected taxon) clearly differ from C. azurea – the species used as a reference group. Genetic distance among two groups of C. muelleriana (D = 1.093) was almost the same as among C. azurea and the newly detected taxon (D = 1.060). Genetic distance among C. azurea and the typical form of C. muelleriana was the lowest (D = 0.628).
This study examined the anatomical and morphological variability of 10 needle traits in isozymatically identified clones of three peatbog populations of Pinus mugo, focusing on variation within and between clones, and the relation between isozyme variation and morpho-anatomical characters of needles. In each peatbog there were clones exhibiting high and low plasticity of the anatomical and morphological traits studied. In general, three types of variation within clones were distinguished: (1) clones with ramets very similar to each other, (2) clones with extensive intra-clone variability, and (3) clones with intermediate variability. The differences in phenotypic variability within clones may be explained by differences in the reaction norm of ramets in particular clones and by somatic mutations. In respect to anatomical, morphological and isozymatic traits, clones from the same peatbog showed more similarity to each other than to clones from other peatbogs.
Four cpDNA regions were analyzed with the use of PCR-RFLP technique and nucleotide sequences of two mtDNA regions were characterized in order to find P. sylvestris and P. mugo species specific markers useful for studies of the species hybridization. The difference in the restriction fragment patterns of trnV-rbcL region after digestion with MvaI endonuclease was detected. The analyses of the species representatives from various geographic regions revealed that the observed polymorphism is species specific. No differences have been disclosed in the analyzed trnS-trnT, trnK1-trnK2, trnC-trnD cpDNA regions. The P. sylvestris and P.mugo mtDNA sequences of orf25 and coxI regions proved to be identical.
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