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In this paper the results of studies on three different forms of phosphorus – total, organic and inorganic – in soils of the Chornohora massif (Eastern Carpathians, Ukraine), depending on altitude, have been presented. The studied gleyed acid brown soils are situated in the belt of alpine meadows (1760 and 2057 m a.s.l.) and in the forest layer (1020 and 1120 m a.s.l.).
Soils in the Chamberlindalen area (Bellsund, Spitsbergen) have been formed under polar climatic conditions, influenced by many years of permafrost, and chemical and physical weathering. The type of bedrock and local water conditions are considered to be significant soil-forming factors. The following soil units were distinguished according to the FAO-UNESCO Revised Legend (1997): Gelic Leptosols, Gelic Regosols, Gelic Gley- sols, and Gelic Cambisols. The basic properties of the soils studied are (i) shallow soil profile with poorly differentiated genetic horizons, (ii) the particle size distribution of sands and loams, (iii) a considerable content of the silt fraction, (iv) different pH, and a considerable organic carbon content.
The aitn of the research was to evaluate the influence of the metallurgy-sulphur railroad (LHS) on some soil properties of the Roztoczański National Park. Special attention was paid to sulphur risks, due to sulphur transport that way, although in smaller quantities as compared to the previous decade. The study Was based on the analysis of basic properties of selected soils and content of total and sulphate sulphur in soif samples taken in 2 cross-section profiles, located 400 and 900 m from the border of the Park and 50, 100, and 150 m from the rails; from 3 levels of forest soils; litter, 0-10 cm, and 30-40 em. Pedological survey indicated that within the study area predominated light soils. They are derived from river sands (mainly gley, gley-podzolic, podzolic soils, and black earth), and contain low amounts of the fine fraction. It was found that the line, which runs across the protected areas of the national park, does not exert nowadays a direct negative influence on the investigated soil properties (C-organic, reaction, mobile aluminium). The amount of total and /sulphate sulphur reniainjjon the level characteristic for such soil types in natural environment. No decrease in the content of both forms of sulphur was found along with the distance of sampling points from the LHS rails.
The aim of the studies was to determine the various forms of heavy metals (Zn, Cu, Mn, Pb,Co, and Ni) in the soil profiles of Gleyi-Dystric Cambisols in the mountain massive of Chornohora (Ukraine). The soil environment of Chornohora appeared to be not polluted with the heavy metals analyzed. Minor excess can only be observed in the content of the following metals (in mg per kg): total Pb – 142.41, Pb(DTPA) – 106.93 (profile 1, organic horizon O), total Zn – 232.92 (profile 3, organic horizon O). The above alleviated amounts of some metals can be attributed to progressive anthropopressure on Carpathian soils.
The analysis of distribution of various forms of Cd, Pb, and Mn in the profile was carried out in Dystric Cambisols on the example of the Western Bieszczady soils (SE Poland). In the soil material, the grain size distribution was determined and the sequential analysis of cadmium, lead, and manganese was performed resulting in the following forms: F1 – exchangeable form; F2 – form bound with organic matter; F3 – form bound with manganese oxides; F4 – form bound with slightly crystalline iron oxides; F5 – form bound with crystalline iron oxides; F6 – residue. The contents of produced forms (Cd, Pb, Mn) determined in the particular textural groups differ substantially. The residual forms of cadmium, lead, and manganese dominated in almost all the textural groups of the soils examined. Also lead in the form bound with amorphous iron oxides showed an increased concentration in all the textural groups. The smallest content of lead and cadmium was determined in the form bound with manganese oxides, whereas the smallest content of manganese was determined in the form bound with organic matter.
The geochemical analysis of biogenic sediments was used to reconstruct environmental conditions and the impact of human activity from a small mire geo-system in the Sandomierz Basin (Poland SE). Changes in the nature of selected geochemical indicators show a significant impact on the transformation of the mire during the early stages of human activity. It is reflected in the geochemical record by means of a high proportion of heavy metals – cadmium, lead and copper. Evident variability of main geochemical components concentration is also visible in a vertical record of analysed cores. This is a consequence of the sedimentary basin asymmetric configuration and the ensuing variable biogenic sedimentary succession.
The study concludes the results of research conducted for over 20 years in Spitsbergen by the Department of Soil Science of the Maria Curie-Skłodowska University. The results have been presented in nine figures provided with concise commentaries and in the form of seven conclusions.
The aim of this study was to analyse the acidity and buffer abilities of selected soils occurring within terrestrial (forest, arable and meadow) ecosystems, under specific form of protection within the Lasy Janowskie Landscape Park. The results of the study indicate that the very acid and acid reaction of the soil environment is the result of natural processes, such as relations between mother rock and plant cover (low pH, high value of hydrolytic and exchangeable acidity, and high content of mobile aluminum), and low degree of saturation of the sorption complex with bases. The greatest buffering abilities showed typic gley soil (Dystric Gleysol), peat soil (Terric Histosol), and accumulation horizons of other soil types.
The studies were carried out within a catena of loess soils of the West Roztocze region. These are typical grey-brown podzolic soils (Haplic Luvisols) in various stages of erosion and deluvial soil (Eutric Fluvisol). Research shows the great variation in the morphology and the physical-chemical properties of the soils. Differences observed included the content of humus, range of soil reaction, depth of decalcification, hydrolytic acidity, and the content of exchangeable cations. The reasons for such a differentiation lie in various forms of economic human influence on the surface formations of the lithosphere, including the soil cover, occurring both now and in the past.
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