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The goal of the conducted experiment was to determine the electric current impact on the efficiency of nitrogen compounds oxidation at COD to total Kjeldahl’s nitrogen ratio of 20, 10, 5. The experiments were run in bench scale, in a rotating electro-biological contactor (REBC) under both, conventional conditions (i.e. without electric current) and with electric current passage at the following densities: 0.2 A m⁻², 0.8 A m⁻², and 1.5 A m⁻². The cathode comprised stainless steel discs with immobile biofilm, and the anode a stainless steel electrode, submerged in waste water contained in the flow-tank of the contactor. The process of nitrogen oxidation was the most effective with electric current passage at the density of 1.5 A m⁻² regardless of applied COD/NTK ratio.
Investigations were carried out in a laboratory scale in a rotating biological contactor in which cathode was made of stainless steel disks with immobilized biological membrane, whereas electrode made of stainless steel or steel sheet or aluminium one were used as anode. In the first stage of the experiment, the oxygenation capacity of the rotating biological contactor was investigated under conventional conditions – without the flow of electric current; whereas in the second stage of the study – under the flow of electric current with density range from 0.2 A m⁻² to 1.5 A m⁻². The highest values of oxygenation capacity (OC) were obtained in the system in which electrode made of stainless steel served as anode, and the lowest ones – in the conventional system.
Investigations were carried out in ten municipal wastewater treatment plants located in the Warmia and Mazury Province removing biogenes with the method of activated sludge. Extent and intensity of activated sludge foaming were determined and organisms accompanying that phenomenon were recognized. In 60% of the treatment plants in the autumn-winter season and in 90% of the treatment plants in the spring season stable brown foam was observed to cover surfaces of bioreactors. Microscopic picture of foam enabled detection of six types of filamentous bacteria and NALO actinomycetes (Nocardia amarae like organisms). In the entire experimental period, Microthrix parvicella was most often occurring in foam. The co-predominating microorganisms in two treatment plants, irrespective of the season, appeared to be Type 0092 and in one treatment plant the spring season predominating microorganisms were NALO. The high number of Microthrix parvicella in the activated sludge was not always linked with its foaming. The intensity of foaming, expressed by the Scum index, was statistically significantly negatively correlated with the concentration of ammonia nitrogen in the treated wastewaters.
The paper discusses the impact of the C/N ratio of inorganic carbon (KHCO₃) and its interaction with carbon dioxide liberated by the oxygenation of a carbon electrode and with gaseous hydrogen produced by water electrolysis, on the concentration of oxygenated forms of nitrogen, during the process of autotrophic denitrification in a multi-catode reactor with immobilized biofilm. The experiment was set under anaerobic conditions, at the electric current density of 79 mA/m² and the C/N ratios of 0.5, 0.75 and 1.0. The results showed that a higher dose of inorganic carbon (KHCO₃) significantly decreased the concentration of nitrate. The concentration of this form of nitrogen was even lower in a reactor additionally loaded with CO₂ and H₂, in which the physicochemical parameters of sewage sludge (the redox potential and electrolytic conductivity) were therefore better for the denitrification process. Nitrate was not completely consumed by dissimilation reduction in either of the reactors. Some small amount of this compound was converted to the ammonium form on the assimilation pathway. In addition, the carbon electrode served as an acceptor of electrones, in the process of external oxygenation of organic compounds.
The study was undertaken to investigate the removal of reactive dyes: Orange 16 and Black 8, from aqueous solutions in the ozonation process. Experiments were carried under laboratory conditions at a concentration of both dyes reaching 100 mg dm⁻³ and at four doses of ozone – 16, 24, 32 and 40 g O₃ m⁻³. Reaction rate constants were determined for each experimental series. The research demonstrated that both the dose of ozone supplied and chemical structure of dye affected the rate of the dye removal process. An increase in ozone dose evoked an increase in the reaction rate constant for both dyes examined. The reaction rate constants determined at a stable dose of ozone for Black 8 were ca. 2 times higher than the constants calculated for Orange 16.
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