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Surface electromyography (sEMG) recorded bilaterally starts to be applied the same frequently as invasive needle EMG in confirmation of certain muscle- or spine-related motor units disorders. In 30 patients with clinically recognized myofascial pain (bilateral trigger pointsTRPs), mean sEMG amplitude recorded from trapezius and cervical or lumbar axial muscles at rest was increased (>25 µV instead of 15 µV indicating increased tension) what in turn decreased their ability to maximal contractions. No pathology in motor transmission was found. Coexistence of characteristic spontaneous activity in needle EMG recordings with TRPs presence was observed. In 40 office-workers dysfunction of trapezius muscle was the most responsible for cervicogenic headache when recordings of sEMG were performed and again the same at rest-maximal contraction pattern of motor units dysfunction was found. Differentiation of sciatica and pseudosciatica patients with clinical examinations especially when they complain of pain during prolonged standing is difficult. However sciatica (n=11) was characterized with significant increase of mean sEMG amplitude recorded especially in distal muscles on affected side during tandem position. It was related to decrease in sEMG “fluctuations” frequency more than in pseudosciatica (n=9) patients in normal and standing positions. ENG was pathological only in sciatica patients.
Surface electromyography (sEMG) is generally considered by neurologists as an unacceptable diagnostic tool for examination of changes in the activity of muscle motor units in patients with non-specifi c back pain. The aim of this review is to demonstrate the usefulness of neurophysiological findings for the application of sEMG in differentiation of root-conflict and non-root-conflict sources of muscle pathologies with pain as the main symptom. In the first experiment carried out on 30 patients with clinically recognized myofascial pain, an attempt was undertaken to find out whether surface electromyographic (sEMG) readings during relaxation and maximal contraction revealed differences in the activity of muscles with or without trigger points (TrPs) detected by palpation. In the second experiment carried out on 40 office workers similar methodologies of clinical and neurophysiological examination were used, however, with the aim to verify a hypothesis about the dysfunction of cervical and shoulder girdle muscle motor units as the cause of cervicogenic headache (CEH). The results of both experiments led to the following conclusions: 1. Surface EMG performed at rest and during maximal contraction is a precise diagnostic tool that can be used for detection of changes in the activity of motor units in patients with myofascial pain syndrome and cervocogenic headache; 2. Surface EMG readings at rest, with an amplitude exceeding 25μV, may be helpful for evaluation of increased muscle tension, which leads to a decrease of the activity of muscle motor units during maximal contraction.
This study was undertaken to ascertain functional changes in areas of ipsi- and contralateral motor cortex involved with the ischemic incidences following experimental closing of fl ow in cervical aorta uni- (right) or bilaterally when recordings of motor evoked potentials induced with magnetic fi eld (MEPs) were performed.Aims of this study were (1) ascertaining changes in parameters of recordings in motor evoked potentials (MEPs) following experimental ischemic conditions, (2) histological verifi cation of range in pathological changes within motor cortex neurons following ischemia, (3) estimation the correlation between duration of ischemia and changes in activity of cortico-spinal neurons. Studies were performed on 24 Wistar rats. Recordings of MEPs induced in the left motor cortex were performed from right sciatic nerve.Signifi cant fl uctuations in MEPs amplitudes from 4.5 mV to 1.5 mV were commonly found within 8 minutes from the experiment onset what might indicate on changes in excitability and transmission of certain number corticospinal neurons. Contrary to the previously found changes in MEPs latencies we observed more often the reversible changes of amplitude parameter. The time of 6 minutes after the signifi cant ischemic incidence is not critical for irreversible and persistent changes in activity of cortico-spinal neurons.
This paper is a survey on the neurophysiological techniques supplementary to clinical evaluation of a possible dysautonomia. Sympathetic skin response (SSR) and heart rate variability analysis (RRIV) are neurophysiological tests commonly used in this case. Sports injuries related to the cranio-cerebral spinal cord as well as peripheral nerve trauma can determine the function of the autonomic system. The study aimed to find out the normative values of SSR and RRIV tests, which can be used for diagnosis of patients after sport injuries. SSRs were recorded following an electrical stimulation of the median nerve. RRIV tests were carried out during normal and deep breathing. Twenty young volunteers (aged 23 ± 2.1) were examined in order to estimate the reference values of SSR and R-R interval variation (RRIV) tests and to confirm the lack of functional changes in the autonomic nervous system. SSR and RRIV tests evaluating the function of two different types of effectors should be applied to confirm the presence of dysautonomia, especially in subjects who show unclear clinical symptoms.
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