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Forests are one the main natural factors that regulate and determine climate, weather patterns and amount of CO2 of an area. With rapid industrialization and rapid urbanization there is a significant increase in deforestation and as a consequence rise in global mean surface temperatures. Rapid and unchecked cut down of forest cover has resulted in some of the worst disasters during the last decades. This paper focuses on studying the role of deforestation, its influence on climate change phenomena and its consequences in Pakistan.
The study was designed to investigate the effect of exogenous glutathione supplementation (0.0,0.5, 1.0, 2.0 and 3.0 mM) in tris-citric acid extender on post-thaw sperm motility, viability, plasma membrane and acrosomal integrity of buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) spermatozoa at 0, 3 and 6 hours after thawing. Glutathione supplementation of the extender upto 2.0 mM concentration increased (P≤0.05) sperm motility, viability, plasma membrane integrity and acrosomal integrity at 0, 3 and 6 hours after thawing in a dose-dependent manner compared to the control. However, glutathione supplementation at higher concentration (3.0 mM) was not beneficial for any of semen quality parameters. It is concluded that glutathione supplementation (up to 2.0 mM) of the extender improves the post-thaw quality of buffalo bull spermatozoa.
Low-temperature results in various physiological and metabolic disturbances in cells of plants which are sensitive to low-temperatures. Moringa is getting popularity as a field crop because of its multipurpose usage. There is no information available about effects of low-temperature (14-18℃) on moringa seedlings and its mitigation. The present study was conducted to test the performance of moringa seedling grown in wire house under low-temperature conditions in response to foliar application of moringa leaf extract (3% solution), hydrogen peroxide (5 ml L⁻¹), ascorbic acid (50 mg L⁻¹) and salicylic acid (50 mg L⁻¹). Seeds of six moringa accessions [Local landrace grown at Agronomic Research Area, Z.A Hashmi Hall, Firdous Colony; Exotic landrace grown at Lalazaar Colony, Department of Agronomy and Agronomic Research Area] were collected and grown in polythene bags filled with equal ratio of compost, sand, silt and clay. All foliar treatments were applied twice; the first round at the seedling age one month and the second round at the seedling age two months. Foliar application of moringa leaf extract significantly enhanced number of branches (92%) and leaves (39%), leaf total chlorophyll contents (73%), leaf phenolic contents (53%) and membrane stability index (57%) of moringa seedlings compared to control. Healthy and vigorous growth of moringa seedlings with higher concentration of antioxidants ensured the defensive potential of moringa leaf extract against low-temperature condition.
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