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Anemia constitutes a public health problem, in both developed and developing countries with major burden on economic and social develop ment. Present study was designed to examine the prevalence of anemia among girl students of Abhilashi College, Distt Mandi Himachal Pradesh. Hemoglobin (Hb) level of 87 girls students was determined . Prevalence of anemia was detected to have been quite high at 55%. Self-awareness of the condition among those anemic was dismally low at 10%. Health education constitutes an important approach to increase awareness about anemia in terms of exposures, risk factors, essential nutrition ingredients an d the importance of iron supplementations. Thus, the present study has tried to focus on those issues which are responsible for determining the level of anemia among wo men aged 20 to 40 years and has also tried to provide scientific exp lanations of iron deficiency anemia.
A new species Leptanilla lamellata is described from the north-west Shivalik region of India. Earlier the genus was represented by a single species viz., Leptanilla escheri (Kutter, 1948), which is here redescribed. A key to the known Oriental species of this genus is also provided.
Salicylic acid (SA) is a well-known inducer of flowering in Lemna under both non-inductive and inductive photoperiod conditions. However, the underlying mechanism is not well understood. Herein, we report for the first time that nitric oxide (NO) is partially involved in SAinduced flowering in L. aequinoctialis (Syn. L. paucicostata Hegelm.). Our results demonstrated that SA-induced flowering is significantly reduced by exogenous application of NO scavengers; 2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide and methylene blue, nitric oxide synthase inhibitors; N-ω-nitro-L-arginine and N-ω-nitro-L-arginine-methyl ester hydrochloride, and nitrate reductase inhibitor; sodium tungstate in two strains of Lemna viz. 6746 and LP₆. Altogether our present findings shed a light on the new role of NO in SA-induced flowering and open interesting directions that need further investigation.
A total of 66 actinomycetes isolates were isolated from mangroves of Andhra Pradesh, India, using various enrichment techniques and pretreatments. The samples were collected from Coringa mangrove ecosystem and pre-treated by enrichment with CaCO₃, sodium dodecyl sulphate and phenol, plated on the media supplemented with cycloheximide (50 mg/ml), nystatin (25 mg/ml) and nalidixic acid (50 mg/ml). The population count of actinomycetes fluctuated from 1.9×10⁵ to 8.0×10⁵/g soil. Out of the isolated 66 actinomycetes, 8 isolates possessing plant growth promoting potential were further studied and characterized by physiological and biochemical traits and identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing as different species of Streptomycetes genera.
MicroRNA-mediated regulation of target genes is critical for development and adaptation. A handful of plant miRNAs along with the targets are conserved across highly diverged species. In most cases, these conserved targets are DNA-binding transcription factors that play important roles in plant development. Events of polyploidy that generate paralogs can open opportunities for generation of novel regulatory modules. The present study was performed to investigate syntenic relationship at loci surrounding miR165 between A. thaliana and B. rapa, a meso-polyploid, and identify paralogs if any. In silico comparative sequence analysis of genomic regions between A. thaliana and B. rapa reveals substantial synteny and micro-collinearity, albeit with several instances of insertions/deletions. Overexpression of miR165a recapitulates the phenotypes caused by drastic reduction in the expression level of HD-ZIP III members (REV and PHV). Constitutively overexpressed miR165a lines of B. juncea and A. thaliana show altered flower development along with the impaired vegetative growth. The present findings are thus in agreement with the known roles of miR165a in mediating plant growth and development implying evolutionary conservation.
Vicia faba L. (faba bean) is an important legume and is cultivated essentially as a cool-season crop. Changes in sowing dates and lack of precipitation expose faba bean crop to drought and heat stresses. The gradual rise in global temperatures owing to climate change is likely to exacerbate the detrimental effects of hot and dry climatic conditions on faba bean cultivation. High temperature stress is particularly damaging to faba bean during the flowering period, when the viability of pollen is critical for successful reproduction. Recent studies have shown that maintenance of protein homeostasis through synthesis of heat shock proteins plays a key role in the heat response of plants. To date, there has been no significant work linking the heat response of faba bean to the repertoire of its heat shock proteins. While quantitative trait loci have been identified for resistance against biotic stresses in faba bean, there is no parallel success with abiotic stresses in this species. Programs aiming at genetic improvement of the heat/drought resistance of this crop by both conventional breeding and molecular breeding methods are hampered because of the large and majorly ill-analyzed genome of faba bean plants. Likewise, molecular and biotechnology- related tools are poorly developed for faba bean; as a result, the fruits of transgenic research developed with model plant species are not reaching this crop. While specifically discussing the prospects for the genetic improvement of faba bean against heat and drought stresses, we highlight the areas of research which need to be strengthened on faba bean.
Diploid wheat, Triticum monococcum L. (einkorn) is an ideal plant material for wheat functional genomics. Brittle culm mutant was identified by screening of the ethyl methane sulphonate-treated M2 progenies of a T. monococcum accession pau14087 by banding the plant parts manually. The brittle culm mutant with drooping leaves, early flowering, reduced tiller numbers and susceptible to lodging had also exhibited brittleness in all plant parts than the wild-type parents. Comprehensive mechanical strength, histological, biochemical, scanning electron microscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analyses of brittle culm mutant supplemented and complemented the findings that the mutant had defective cellulose biosynthesis pathway and deposition of cell wall materials on secondary cell wall of mechanical tissues. Microscopic studies demonstrated that the decrease in cellulose contents resulted in the irregular cell wall organization in xylem vessels of leaf vascular bundles. To map the brc5 mutant, mapping populations were developed by crossing the brittle culm mutant with wild Triticum boeoticum acc. pau5088, having non-brittle characters. The brittle culm mutation was mapped between SSR markers, Xcfd39 and Xgwm126 on 5AmL chromosome of T. monococcum, with genetic distances of 2.6 and 4.8 cM, respectively. The brc5 mutant mapped on 5AmL, being distinct from a previously mapped brittle culm mutant in wheat, has been designated as brc5. The work on fine mapping and map-based cloning of brc5 gene regulating synthesis and deposition of cellulose on the secondary cell wall is in progress.
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